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MARCUS A. HANNA 

(LATE A SENATOR FROM OHIO) 



Memorial Addresses Delivered in the 
Senate and House of Representatives 



^S \ 



rc^^^"- 



Second Session of the Fifty-Eighth Congress 



WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1904 



H x^ LL SI 



TABLE OF CONTENTvS 



Page. 

Proceedings in the Senate 5 

Prayer by Rev. Henry X. Couden, D. D 11 

Prayer by Rev. Edward Everett Hale 21 

.\ddress of Mr. Foraker, of Ohio 24 

.\ddress of Mr. Scott, of West Virginia 33 

Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 43 

Address of Mr. Piatt, of Connecticnt 49 

Address of Mr. Culloni, of Illinois 55 

Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 59 

.\ddress of Mr. Elkins, of West Virginia 64 

Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 71 

Address of Jlr. Daniel, of Virginia 81 

Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 89 

Address of Mr. Depew, of New York 96 

Address of Mr. Beveridge, of Indiana 109 

Address of Jlr. Dolliver, of Iowa 113 

Address of Mr. Kearns, of Utah 121 

Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 124 

Proceedings in the House 137 

Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D 143 

Address of Mr. Longworth, of Ohio 145 

Address of Mr. Cassingham, of Ohio 149 

Address of Mr. Goebel , of Ohio 151 

Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 153 

Address of Mr. Tawney, of Minnesota 160 

Address of Mr. Beidler, of Ohio 169 

Address of Jlr. Brick, of Indiana 172 

Address of Mr. Levering, of Massachusetts iSo 

Address of Mr. Smith, of Illinois 1S2 

Address of Mr. Kyle, of Ohio 189 

Addre.ss of Mr. Morgan, of Ohio 191 

Address of Mr. Hildebrant, of Ohio •. 195 

Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 198 

Address of Mr. Morrell, of Penns3-Ivania 213 

Address of Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 217 

Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 220 

Address of Mr. Lacej', of Iowa 224 

Address of Mr. Grosvenor, of Ohio 226 

3 



Death of Senator Marcus A. Hanna 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE 

Tuesday, February i6, 1904. 

THE PRAYER 

The Chaplain, Rev. Edward Kverett Hale, offered the 
following pra\-er : 

"For we know that if onr earthly house of this tabernacle 
were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not 
•made with hands, eternal in the heavens." 

" Behold, I shew yon a ni\ster\-," he writes. I make 
plain to you that that has been a myster\-. 

" We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a 
moment, in the twinkling of an eye, * * * for this 
corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must 
put on immortalitv." 

Father, these who have known him liest, these who have 
loved him, they come to thee to ask thy strength for 
weakness, for light in darkness, and that thou wilt inter- 
pret unto them the lessons of life and death. All of us, 
Father, who knew him to love him and to honor him, we 
are altogether, with those nearest to him in his home, in 

5 



6 Life and Character of Afarciis .1. Hamta 

the sorrows of this liour. Come near to iis as onl\- our 
Father can come near to us. Show us what it is to be the 
immortal children of an eternal God. Train us to new 
service and larger ser\ice when we jjo from world to world 
or from life to life, to be witli thee in this infinite hea\-en 
of tliine. 

Father, we pray for this nation, that .she may always have 
counselors from the midst of her, men who know her people 
and who know the world and are willin^j to join witli one 
heart and with one \oice that this ma\- l)e the kiu^jdoni of 
thy love. Be with us in our sorrows as thou hast l)eeu 
in our joys. We ask it in Christ Jesus. 

Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be lliy name, 
thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in 
heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us 
our trespasses as we forgi\'e those who trespass against us. 
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, 
for thine is the kingdom and the power and the glor\'. 
forever. Amen. 

Till-: JOIKNAI. 

The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yester- 
day's proceedings, when, on request of Mr. .\ldrieh and h\ 
unanimous consent, the further reading was dispe-n.sed with. 

The I'kk.siuk.n I" pro temjiore. Witlinul objection, the 
Journal will stand apjiroved. 

l>i:.\TII nl-- SKN.VTOR II.\N\A 

Mr. 1''ok.\Ki:k. Mr. I'resiilent, I have a painfid duty \.o 
]K-rfonn. It is that of making formal announcement of tin.- 
deatli of my late colleague. Hon. M.XKCIS .\. H.\.\.\.\. He 



Proceed tugs in the Senate 7 

departed this life in this cit\', at the Arlington Hotel, where 
he had been residing dnring this session of the Senate, at 
the honr of 6.40 p. ni. }"esterday, surrounded b\- his family 
and immediate friends. 

The event was not unexpected at the time when it 
occurred. For months past it lias been evident ti) all who 
were a.s.sociated with him that he was in failing health. 

He was iirgently and repeatedlv ad^■i.sed to desist from 
his labors and make a special effort to resist his maladies, 
but his strong will power, hopeful nature, and fidelit\" to 
duty were such that he disregarded all such suggestions 
and continued at his post until about three weeks ago, 
when he was prostrated b}- t\phoid fe\er. 

His friends then became justlv alarmed. That alarm 
spread throughout the country, and in response to unusual 
manifestations of public s\inpath\' his plu'sicians bulletined 
his condition dailv, and, tinalh-, almost liourh-. 

As the days passed hope failed, until all recognized that 
the ''inevitable hour" was approaching. 

Thus it was that the end did not come as a surprise, but 
the regret it has occasioned appears to be more profound 
and uni\"ersal on that account. 

His bereaved family have been the recipients of messages 
and telegrams of grief and condolence from all sections 
and from all classes. 

He is mourned b\- all his countrymen — b\' his political 
associates not alone because he was their great organizing 
leader who repeatedh- led them to victory, but also and 
more especially because he had gained their affections and 
reigned in their hearts as a favorite ; b^• his political 



8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiuia 

opponents because they are so chivalrous and generous 
that thev experience sorrow when a brave man falls, 
though he be of the opposition, and because they recog- 
nized in him a bold and fearless foenian who commanded 
their respect and excited their admiration. 

Here in the Senate, where he was so long a distin- 
guished member, he was best known and most appreciated. 

It is unnecessary to speak in this presence of the great loss 
his death has occasioned to his party, his State, and the 
nation. All know it better than any language can express it. 

Mr. President, this is not the time for extended eulogy. 
Later, I shall ask the vSenate to set apart a day when all his 
colleagues can join w illi nu- in paying fitting tribute to his 
life, character, and public .services. 

I-'ur tlie present I content myself with offering the reso- 
lutions I send to the desk, for which I ask ])resent consider- 
ation. 

The President pro tempore. The Senator from Ohio sub- 
mits resolutions, which the Secretary will read to the 
Senate. 

The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: 

Kesolird. That tin; Senate lias lieanl with profoiiml sorrow of the lU-atli 
of the Hon. M.\RCfS \, Hann.\, late a Senator from the Stiite of Ohio. 

A'fso.'in/, Tliat a conmiittet of twenty-five Senators, of whom the I'rcsi- 
<lent pro temjwre shall lie one, l>e ap]M)inte<l hy the presiiling ofTiCer to 
take order for sujH.-rinlen(lin>; the funeral of Mr. HaNX.\, which shall take 
place in the Senate ChanilK-r at 12 o'clock m. on Wcilnesday, I-ehrnary 17, 
instant, ami that llie Senate will atteml the same. 

h'tsol-.Yil, That as a further mark of res]K-ct hisremains Ik- removal from 
WashiiiKt-'ii to Clevelanil, Ohio, for liurial. in charge of the Ser>;eaiU-«t- 
Arms, nttenileil liy the commitlee. who shall have full |K>wer to cany these 
resolutions into eflcct; and that the neces.sary ex|ienses in connection 
therewith l>c paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate. 



Proceedings in the Senate 9 

Jiesolved, That tlie Secretary conimunicate these proceedings to tlie 
House of Representatives and invite the House of Representatives to attend 
the funeral in the Senate Chamber and to appoint a committee to act with 
tlie committee of the Senate. 

A'rso/z'fd. That invitations be extended to the President of the United 
States and the members of his Cabinet, _the Chief Justice and associate 
justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the diplomatic corps 
(through the Secretary of State), the Admiral of the Navy, and the 
Lieutenant-General of the Army to attend the funeral in the Senate 
Chamber. 

The President pro tempore. The question is on agree- 
ing to the resolutions submitted by the Senator from 
Ohio. 

The resohitions were unanimously agreed to. 

The President pro tempore appointed as the commit- 
tee under the second resolution ]\Ir. Foraker, 'Sir. Allison, 
Mr. Aldrich, Mr. Hale, :\Ir. Piatt of Connecticut, Mr. 
Spooner, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Wetmore, Mr. Hansbrough, 
Mr. Warren, Mr. Fairbanks, Mr. Depew, Mr. Kean, Mr. 
Scott, Mr. Beveridge, Mr. Alger, Mr. Kittredge, Mr. Gor- 
man, Mr. Cockrell, ]\Ir. Teller, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Martin, 
]\Ir. Blackburn, and Mr. McEnery. 

Mr. Foraker. Mr. President, I move, as a further 
mark of respect to the deceased, that the Senate adjourn. 

The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 12 
o'clock and 12 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjotirned 
until to-morrow, Wednesday, February 17, 1904, at 12 
o'clock meridian. 



lo Life and Character of Marcus A. I fauna 

Wednesday, February //, 1904- 

FUNERAL OF SENATOR HANNA 

The casket containinj^ the body of the dead Senator was 
1)rou<jht into the Senate Chamber, accompanied by the 
coininillees of arrangements of tlie two Houses. 

TIk- President ])ro tempore called the Senate to order 
at 12 o'clock m. 

The Members of the House of Representatives, preceded 
b\- the Sergeant-at-Arms and the Clerk and by tlie Speaker, 
entered the Senate Chamber. The Speaker was e.scorted 
to a .seat on tlic left of the President pro leiui)ore, the 
Sergeant-at-Arnis and Clerk were assigned to seats at the 
Secretary's desk, and the Members of the Hou.se were given 
the .scats on the floor provided for them. The\' were .soon 
followed by the amba.ssadors of and ministers from foreign 
countries, the Chief Justice and associate justices of the 
Supreme Court, and the Admiral of the Navy and the 
Lieutenant-Cieneral of the Anny, who occupied the .seats 
a.ssigned them. The President of the United States and 
his Cabinet ministers and the family of the deceased Sena- 
tor entered the Chamber and were shown to the seats 
reserved for them. 

The President ])ro tempore .said: Senators, you have 
.solemnh and lovingly dedicated this da\ to an ob.serv- 
ance of approi)riate funeral ceremonies over .Maklis .\. 
Hanna, late a distinguished member of this body, and 
all business will be snsiKuded to that end. Wi- will 
unite ill ])rayer with the Chaplain of tin.- National House 
of Ke])re.sentatives. 



Pyocccdi)igs in the Scualc 1 1 

Rev. Henry X. Couden, D. I)., Chaplain of the House of 
Representatives, offered the following pra^•er: 

With bowed head and sorrowino; heart, O God, oiu' 
Hea\enly Father, we meet here in the solemn presence of 
the dead to pay a tribute of respect to a strong-, great, 
honest, noble, manh' man, warm in his affection, tender in 
his devotion to his friends and family, broad iji his concep- 
tions, strong in his convictions, a patriot and a statesman, 
a leader among the leaders of our nation. He lived well, 
wrought well, and died mourned b\- a nation, than which 
no greater tribute can be offered to an\- man. The floral 
offerings so abundant, f/om the high, the lowh', the rich, 
the poor, testify more eloquently than words of his work 
and his faithfulness to Awtx. 

We thank thee for his life and deeds. Ma\- his example 
be an inspiration to the young men of our nation, and his 
deeds be a cherished memory to us all; illumine our minds 
with the truth of the immortality of the soul, and inspire 
us with the hope that we shall dwell with him some time 
in the realms of bliss. 

Comfort, we beseech thee, as thou alone canst comfort, 
the bereaved wife and family, and bring us all, in thine own 
good time, to thee, through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 

The Chaplain of the Senate, Rev. Kdward Everett Hale, 
said: 

Those who knew him best loved him most, and those 
who knew him least loved him much. 

It has been impossible to us who are almost strangers to 
him in person to li\-e through these anxious da^•s through 
which we have been passing without feeling that here was 



12 Life and Character of Marcus . I. Jlainia 

a token .of affection as well as of admiration and regTet. 
Whether the child that cried when he told you that Mr. 
Hanna was not so strong, or the statesmen, who are used 
to the greatest questions in the management of this world, 
everxbody spoke with this feeling of affection, as if this were 
a near friend to whom he was paying tribute. 

And this nation to-day is paying its tribute to his affec- 
tion, to his love, to that energy which springs from affection 
and love, as it could not if th.ese were mere tricks of mental 
ability, if this were an\- selfishness of a man thinking of 
himself first and last. It is a tribute to one who forgot 
himself in his care for others, eager to lift up tho.se who had 
fallen down, and determined that the right thing should be 
done. If he were the man to do it, lu- wmild do it, with nn 
thought of himself, but with thoughts of his ci)unlr\-mt-n 
and of the world. 

I met .some years ago a distinguished missionar\' from the 
other side of the world, from out- of those nations whose 
religions were coming into fashion here over half a centur\- 
ago. He said to me t)f the people among whom he had 
lived that "they loveil the Lord lluir Cod with all ihiir 
mind and with all their heart, perhaps, but the\ did not love 
Him with all their strength." 

I ha\e had that contrast running in my mind all iliis 
week, h'or luri- is a man who did his dul\ witli all his 
heart and with all his strength. nt\t.r thinking of himself, 
not eager to .see what it was to bi- to him or what it would 
Ik.- to this or that man, but bearing his brother's ])\ir<kn; 
eager to sc*e this go forward, determined it shall go forward — 
acting with that energy which comes from love alone, wliicli 



Procrcdiiii^s in the Senate 13 

comes from the heart, which comes with every man's thought 
of God and of his fellow-men, and comes from nothing and 
nobody besides. 

It is not the energy of a Napoleon trying to do what will 
put him forward, which is like any other calamity in human 
life. It is the energy of Love, of one who has foiind out 
what faith and hope and love are, and who dedicates himself 
to the Eternities. 

I can not but hope that this highest range of human life 
mav open to those voung men who are growing up now, 
that they may follow in his footsteps, in his resoh'e to live, 
not with that poor, selfish energy, bred from selfish reason, 
bred from imagination, bred from memory-, where if a man 
dies he dies out as Napoleon or any other calamity dies out. 
If he lives bv the eternities, no, no. 

Among the promises of the Israelites one of the noblest 
prophets says of the glorious future which is to come to the 
world, "Their nobles shall be of themselves, and their gov- 
ernor shall proceed from the midst of them." Enthusiasm, 
indeed, that might arouse among those oppressed Israelites 
who heard \our governors are not to be altar-bred Levites, 
coming down from the centuries before them. No more 
incompetent striplings on the throne born from an incom- 
petent father who came from an incompetent grandfather 
in some line of centuries through all the miserable stages, 
"bad by degrees, but miserably worse." Your ruler shall 
come from the midst of them. Your rulers .shall proceed 
from \onrselves. 

It is no wonder that our Revolutionary leaders caught 
up that verse. Cooper preached a .sernidu from that te.\t 



14 Life and Character of Marcus A. IJixuua 

in 1780, wliicli Franklin translated into French and intd 
Gennan and scattered broadcast through Europe — the first 
"canipai<j^n document "of the newborn Republic, the lesson 
of republicanism, the lesson of democracv. It announced 
to man that theory of government, "the government of the 
people, for the people, and by the people." 

You see it is radical; it goes to the complete distinction 
between tlie old system and the new. Tlie old theory was 
of the Ca;.sars taking care of the Caesars, or an anny taking 
care of an army and legislating for an army, or, as the\' say 
they do on the other side of the world, the grammarians 
taking care of the grammarians. Hut when "we, the ]x;o- 
ple," are at the lulni, win-, "we, the people," take care of 
" us, the people," of the whole and not of a class or an order. 
Here is a Go\ernment "for the people and by the people." 
and in Mr. H.\nx.\ \o\\ have a man of the people who realh 
believes in such democracy or the purpose of any republic. 
If you want Benjamin Franklin, take Benjamin Franklin, 
though it be from a tallow chandler's shop. If vou w.uu 
Abraliani Lincoln, xou shall lia\e .\braltaiu Lincoln. In 
that comes the system for which he hail con.secrated him- 
.self, to which he was allied, and in which he was looking 
forward, working heartily through all his career. 

I remember in the can\;Lss eight years ago a distinguisheii 
leader (tf enterpri.se met with one of tlu- tani]>aign speakers 
of the sumnuv and said lo him, "'1\11 uie, who is this 
Cleveland man — this man who .seems lo have the reins in 
his hands?" .\nd the acc(>m])lished gentlemen whom he 
addressed s;iid : "This Cleveland man is a man who is 
going to elevate ]M>litics to the level of lliost- men of 



Procccdhii^s in the Senate 15 

business who are men of honor." I wonder if either of 
them remembers the conversation now. That described 
;\Ir. Hanx.\ then. That is the duty of the statesman of 
to-da^• — of the manager, if \ou please to call him so, of 
to-da\' — that he shall elevate the duty of the da\- to the 
standard of the men of honor who are engaged in business. 

It is for a people that you are caring, not for a cla.ss. 
Government means that the post-office shall be well admin- 
istered, that the sanitary conditions of the people shall be 
well administered, that what the\' drink shall be pure, that 
what the\- eat shall not be poison for them. It is the peo- 
ple who ha\'e sent you to this work, and it is as }'ou love 
the people or as }-ou lo\x* yourself alone that }'0U are going 
to succeed or that )'ou are going to fail. 

This man was one of the people. He loved the people. 
What he did he did for his lo\-e of the people, and he 
knew — because he was one of them, because he had suc- 
ceeded in business — he knew what are the eternities. He 
knew that a round holt would not fit a square hole in the 
side of a steamship. Truth. He knew that iron was to be 
drawn b\' this law or by that law and that it must be 
welded b\- law and well done. 

The man of business honor knows that his word nuist be 
as good as his bond, and miless I do the dut\- God has 
given me with an eager lo\'e of those around nie, "Ah, woe 
is me!" 

When men tell us, as those men do who know, that this 
man cotdd mediate between the men who provide the tools 
and the workmen who handle them; this man had at once, 
as no othe: man had, the confidence of capital and labor. 



l6 Life and Characler of Marcus .1. //a/n/a 

you understand what worked that miracle. Vou can work 
it yourself. 

Honorl 'J'rulhl Lo\eI .\nd as the man of business, if 
he be a man uf honor, has found that high law which cen- 
turies have found is the only law — as he applies that in the 
business of the nation lit- wins for the eternities faith, hope, 
and love. These three abide. 

" Let us praise famous men. Let us look back now to 
the fathers." These are the words written nearK- two 
thousand years ago. 

The Chai)laiii of the Senate read appropriate passages 
from the Old and the New Testament, at the conclusion of 
which he said: 

Let us pra>-. Father of Life, he is with thee. He sees 
as he is seen. He knows as he is known. But we wait a 
little longer. We need not pray for him. He prays for us 
in the glad certainties of the larger life, and we go and 
come, remembering him and looking forward to our meet- 
ing with him in tin time. 

Father, may e\ er\ memory of him quicken us to a larger 
life, and every thought of the future show us how we are 
to meet all the.se dear ones who have gone before, how we 
are to see as we are .seen and to know as we are known. 

We ask thy blessing upon those so near to him in the 
home, where they will not hear his whisper nor .see his 
face. .\nd we are all lirothers and sisters in the house 
of death. We ask it each for all and all for each, that 
we may bear each other's bvirdens, even as we have not 
done until now; that we may be strong in each other's 
Strength; that we nia\ walk, I".itlui, with lliee; that everv 



Proceedings in the Senate 17 

day we iiia)- hear th}' whisper and go and come in th}- 
perfect love. 

Grant us more of faith in thee, that we nia\' see thee 
who art invisiljle; that we ma\- hear thee in the whispers 
of thy love, speaking- to us in our own lives; that thoti 
wilt inspirit us with thine own Hoh' Spirit; that we may 
enter into that service which is perfect freedom; that we 
may do the duty every day which thou doth command, 
and that ne\'er more we may feel alone, but always ma}' 
know our Father is with us. 

Give tts more of hope, that we may look forward as im- 
mortals do look forward ; that we ma}- live as immortals 
live ; that we may enter into th}- work indeed, because 
thou hast given it to us to do ; that we ma}- partake of tin- 
nature and live in heaven to-da}-, to-morrow, and in the 
da\-s that are to come ; that we may speak with th}- word ; 
that we may think with th}- thought ; that we may love 
with thy love, and be glad with thy jo}-. Give us more 
of hope. 

And for this, Father, that we ma}- bear one another's 
burdens ; that we ma}- remember the lessons of such a life 
as his; that we ma}- forget ourselves while we li\-e for 
others; that we may go about doing good as He, thy well- 
beloved Son, in the homes of the sick and the poor and the 
weak as in the homes of the rich and the powerful and the 
strong. Knit together in love, ma}- we bear each other's 
burdens, and so fulfill the whole law of Christ. 

Reverently, humbly, and with the tears of the nation we 
bear his body and la}- it in the ground, earth to earth, dust 
to dust, ashes to ashes. But he is with God ever. He is 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 2 



i8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haniia 

changed in a moment, in the twinklinor of an e>e. He is 
in the larger life. 

Father, we pray that we may learn the lessons of that life 
as we go and come here; that we may go about the work 
that thou hast given us to-day and to-morrow, and that we 
may be ready at any moment to hear the whisper coming to 
us that we may enter into the joy of our Lord. 

This is our prayer. Hear us, answer us, and bless us as 
thine own children, in Christ Jesus. Amen. 

The hymn " Xearer, m\- God to Thee " was sung by the 
quartette of the Gridiron Club, composed of Mr. Herndon 
Morsell, Mr. J. Henry Kaiser, Mr. Alexander Mosher, and 
Mr. John H. Xolan. 

The Presidknt pro tempore .said: We commit the body 
of our beloved Senator now to the two connnittees of the 
Houses of Congress and to the officers of the Senate, to be 
conveyed to his late home in Ohio and to his final resting 
place. May God sanctif\ his life and death to us, who 
loved him well. 

The benediction was pronounced by the Chaplain of tlie 
Senate. 

The in\ited guests having retired from the Senate 
Chamber, 

.Mr. LdiiGK. Mr. President, 1 mo\L- iluii the Senate do 
now adjourn. 

TIr- uiDlioii was unanimously agreed to; and (at i 
o'clock ]). m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, 
Thursday. February i.S, 1904. at 12 o'clock meridian. 



Proceedings of the Senate 19 

Fkbruarv 18, 1904. 
message fro:\i the house 

The message also transmitted to the Senate the resolu- 
tions of the House of Representati\'es on the death of Hon. 
Marcus A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

The message further announced that the Speaker had 
appointed ]\Ir. Grosvenor, ]\Ir. Van Voorhis, Mr. Burton, 
Mr. Southard, Mr. Dick, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Beidler, Mr. 
Cassingham, Mr. Hildebrant, ]\Ir. Kyle, Mr. Nevin, :\Ir. 
Snook, Mr. Warnock, :\Ir. Badger, Mr. Garber, :Mr. Goebel, 
Mr. Jackson of Ghio, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Longworth, j\Ir. 
Weems, Mr. Hemenwa}-, ]Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Lucking, Mr. 
Wiley of Alabama, Mr. Dalzell, Mr. Watson, :\Ir. Burke, 
;\Ir. Currier, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Rodenberg, Mr. ]\IcCleary 
of Minnesota, and Mr. Calderhead as the connnittee on the 
part of the House to take charge of the fimcral arrange- 
ments. 

M.ARCH 5, 1904. 

MEMORI.AL ADDRESSES OX THE E.ATE SEX.ATOR HANXA 

Mr. FoR.AKER. Mr. President, 1 desire to give notice to 
the Senate that at the close of the routine morning business 
on Thursday, March 31, I shall ask the .Senate to consider 
resolutions commemorative of the life and character of mv 
late colleague, the Hon. IMarcus A. Haxxa. 

M.^RCH 26, 1904. 

MEMORIAL ADDRESSES OX THE I.ATE SEXATOR HANNA 

Mr. FoR.\KER. Mr. President, a notice has been hereto- 
fore gi\en that on Thursda\', March 31, immcdiateh' after 



20 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

the routine morning business, the Senate would be asked to 
consider resohitions commemorative of the life, character, 
and public services of the late Senator Haxxa, of Ohio. 
On account of the inconvenience to some who desire to 
speak on the occasion, orowinor out of that date being fixed, 
I now recall that notice and give notice that those resolu- 
tions will be presented to the Senate on Thursday, April 7, 
inimediatelv after the routine morning business. 



MEMORIAL ADDRESSES 

Thtrsday, April 7, 1^04. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Echvard Everett Hale, offered the 
followino; prayer: 

Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers that begat us. 

The Lord hath wrought great glory by them througli liis great power 
from the beginning. 

***** * * 

Leaders of the people by their counsels, and by their knowledge of 
learning meet for the people, wise and eloquent in their instructions. 

.\\\ these were honored in their generations, and were the glors- of their 
times. 

There be of them that have left a name behind them, that their praises 
might be reported. 

And some there be which have no memorial; who are perished, as 
though they had never been; and are become as though they had never 
been born; and their children after them. 

But these were merciful men, whose righteousness hath not been 
forgotten. 

***** * * 

The people will tell of tlieir wisdom, and the congregation will show 
forth their praise. 

Let US pra}-. Almighty Father, we thank thee for 
everthing; but this morning, first of all, for onr fathers 
who begat ns, for tho.se from whom we spring, for the men 
who made tlie Con.stitntion of this nation, for the men who 
first sat in this Senate, who led this people by their wisdom, 
bv their counsel, bv their foresight, and b\- their love of God. 



22 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

They arc ri.-iiieinl)ered h\- iiaiiii.- ui they arc not rciiieinbered. 
But their righteousness shall nc\er be forgotten, and we, the 
sons, will not be faithless to tlieir memory. First of all, in 
this Senate, to the men who made the first rules for this 
great nation, men who listened to God and heard Him, men 
who were j^ure and peaceable, gentle, and eas\' to be en- 
treated, full of nicrc>- and good works, without partisanship 
and without hypocrisy. 

And now. Father, for to-day and for to-morrow and tin- 
days that are to come, be with the children as thou hast 
been with the fathers. Make the children move, a.s so man\' 
of the fathers moved, in the wa\- of God. Show them tin- 
law, that they may make it our law; that wc may translate 
the will <jf (lod into the will of men; that thy kingdom 
may come and thy will be done on earth as it is done in 
heaven. We ask it in Chri.st Jesus. Amen. 

(_)ur Father who art in heaven, hallowed be tin- name. 
Ma\- th\' kingdom come, may thy will l)c done, on earth 
as it is done in heaven. Gi\-c us this da\- o)ir daily bread, 
and forgixe >is our trespa.sses a.s we forgive those who tres- 
pass against us. .\nd lead us not into temptation, but 
deliver us from evil, for thine is the kingdom, and the 
power, and the glory, for ever and ever. .\men. 

MK.MOKIAI. .\l)l»Kl-:S.Si:S ON TIM-; i..\Ti-: si-:N.\'r<>k iian.na 

Mr. l-"(ii<AKKU. Mr. I'resitienl, in acconlance with the 
notice heretofore ;^i\cn, I now present the resolutions I 
.scud to the desk, and ask for their present consideration. 

The l'kKSii»i-:NT pro ii-m])orc. The resolutions submit- 
ted b\- the Senator from < )liici will be read. 



Memorial Addresses 23 

The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the 
business of tlie Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pa)- 
proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the 
House of Representatives. 



24 -^{/t' and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Forakzr, of Ohio 

Mk. President: I first met Senator Hanna at the 
national Republican convention of 1884, to which lie was 
a delegate at large. The other three delegates at large 
from Ohio to that convention were William McKinley, jr., 
Judge William H. West, and myself. McKink-y and West 
supported Mr. Blaine, while Mr. Hanna aiul 1 were for 
John Shennan. Mr. Sherman was the first choice of very 
few delegates to that convention. 1)m man\- of his friends 
thought he was the second choice of a majority. 

While, therefore, the Ohio delegation was divided, and 
there was but little "first-choice" support from other 
States, there was good ground for hope that out of the 
possibilities of the situation our candidate might be chosen. 

This fact encouraged us to labor indu.striously to make 
acquaintances and to bring about combinations that would 
be helpful to our cause. 

Mr. H.\NN.\ was then a \oung man, only 46 \ears of 
age. He was in the zenith of his jxiwers, lioth mental and 
physical. He was tireless in his efforts, pleasing in his 
manners, and direct and forceful in the advcxracy of Mr. 
Sherman's claims, and in all the.se respects lie impressed 
himself most favoral)ly u]H)n all with whom he came in 
contact. Hut he lacked then the name and influence he 
afterwards ac(juired. He was known only as a busine.ss 
man, who had ne\er held an office of anv kind, and whu 



Address of Mr. Forakcr^ of Ohio 25 

had never figured in public affairs, except in his own city 
and county, and he was really still a new man there. 

He had been chosen as a delegate at large not becaxise 
he was a factor in State politics, for he had not yet become 
such, but oidy because he was a strong man in his own 
county, and that count\- put him forward to represent it on 
the delegation, and the Republicans of the .State accepted 
him on that indorsement. 

It was on account of such circumstances and for such 
reasons that his efforts in behalf of Mr. Sherman, although 
earnest and zealous, were yet of l)Ut little a\-ail. 

In connection with those efforts, however, 1 became fa- 
miliarly acquainted with him, and as a result of that ex- 
perience we became warm friends, both politicallv and per- 
sonalh'. 

That friendship was uninterrupted until shortly prior to 
the national Republican con\-ention of 18S8, to which we 
were both again delegates, and as such once more united in 
the support of Mr. Sherman. 

In connection with that convention incidents occurred 
which, together with minor differences that arose shortly 
before, entirely interrupted our relations for the next three 
years, when in a modified and less cordial wa\' the\' were 
resumed and thereafter continued until his death. 

These relations were less cordial than previously, because 
although we at times heartily cooperated and in a personal 
and .social way were entirely friendly, yet in political mat- 
ters we were generally opposed to each other in the fac- 
tional contests and controversies among the Republicans of 
our State. 



26 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

' His relations to McKinle\' arc well known. They were 
such that when McKinle>- became President and he be- 
came Senator he naturalh- and inevitably Ijecanie domi- 
nant in Ohio politics. 

I mention all this not to review or to revive the past, 
much less to discuss the merits of its dispirtes, but only to 
show the many points of view froni wliicli it was my for- 
tune to know and study the man. 

In the grave with him lie buried all differences, all hos- 
tilities, all animosities, all prejudices, and all unkindncss of 
feeling of every .sort that ever at any time may ha\e been 
entertained. 

I would not di.scu.ss anythin-.,^ of such a nature on this 
occasion if 1 could, and 1 could not do so with propriety- it 
I would. Here and now all criticism should be hushed, 
e.Kcept onl\- that which may be an inseparable part of his 
actual life, character, and public .ser\-ices. 

He would not, if he could, have it otherwi.se, for, if I 
knew him and understood him, I hazard nothing in saying 
that if he could have a \oice as to the character of this 
day's exercises, he would not countenance false praise nor 
wisli to have a.scribcd to him virtues he did not c\-en pro- 
fess to have. 

He had too much .sense of jiropriety, tix> nmch regard for 
truth, and ton much confidence and jiride in what he really 
was to desire ti> be painted here or el.sewhere in other than 
true colors. Hap])il\ for his memor\ the.se colors are suffi- 
ciently bright. 

Having e.\pre.s,sed this belief, it is hardly nece.s.s;ir\ to say 
that I shall not con.sciously exaggerate in what I may say 



Address of Mr. Forakcr, of Ohio 27 

of liini, but rather strive to speak only the words of sober 
truth. 

To those who knew him oiil\- as I knew him for the first 
four years of our acquaintance he was an unusually lovable 
man. He was bright, cheer}-, g-enerons, kind, strong, and 
ever readv to practice self-denial, especialK- when it in- 
volved the preferment of a friend. 

These qualities were so pronounced and so manifest that 
none others could well be .seen by those who looked 
through only the partial eyes of friendship. 

By these traits and habits he naturally made such ardent 
friends of all with whom he met that it was easy for them 
to think and believe that if he had differences with an\-one 
or met with opposition from anyone, it must ha\-e been 
without fault on his part. 

In some measure — perhaps in large measure — this maN' 
have been true. Whether it was always the ca.se is imma- 
terial, so far as present purposes are concerned. The fact 
is mentioned not to controvert or discuss it, but onl\- to 
show his charming and powerful qualities in this regard. 

But while he thus appeared to his friends and to all who 
were in accord with him and had no occasion to know him 
except in agreeable relations, he appeared to have some 
additional and less agreeable characteristics to those who 
were so imfortunate as to be in opposition to him con- 
cerning any matter he deemed important. 

To all such he was the very impensonation of antagonism 
itself. 

He had such strong con\-ictions that he alwavs felt 
impelled in such cases to contend with all his energN' and 



28 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

powers for the \ie\vs he entertained and the cause he 
espoused. 

In all such contests he invariably battled fiercely and 
unrelentingly to the end, spurning all compromises and 
stopping at nothing honorable short of unqualified success. 

He was so constituted by nature that he could not easily 
do otherwise. 

As a result, he seldom resorted to diplomacy or to any 
kind of effort to placate or mollify opposition, but relied on 
the logic of hard knocks. 

Like Napoleon, he believed that the way to win victo- 
ries was to have the heaviest artillery and plenty of it, and 
to make vigorous tise of it. 

While this policy made many t-nemies, it also made 
legions of friends, and inspired them with confidence and 
affectionate admiration. 

He reciprocated this devotion to such an e.xtent that he 
never hesitated to support his followers in their troubles or 
to help them fight their battles, without much regard to 
their character. 

This at times brought criticism ujxm him, but he never 
faltered on that account. 

He could only .see the friendship he liad enjoyed, and 
refused to believe that the man who bore him attachment 
could be uuwortlu- of his assistance. 

Only a man of uncommon strength of character, and one 
possessing the confidence of his fellow-countrymen to an 
unusual degree, could liave done what he so habitually did 
in this respect without serious injury to his rejmtation, but 
with him it came to be regarded as a virtue. 



Address of Mr. Forakcr^ of Ohio 29 

Combined with these characteristics he was blessed with 
an extraordinary intellectual endowment, a powerful 
physique and a pleasing personalit>-, an agreeable voice, 
and an. absolute freedom from affectation. His conceptions 
were quick and remarkably accurate. His judgment was 
uncommonh- good of both men and measures. He had 
wonderful power of endurance and the facult^■ of approach- 
ing men, although directl)- and at times almost bluntlv, in 
such a manner as to prepossess them favorably both as to 
himself and his subject. Few men ha\e been favored with 
such a rare combination of faculties and powers as he pos- 
ses.sed, and yet he lacked qualities ordinarily deemed indis- 
pensable to a successful public career. 

He was not a scholarly man, nor a student, in the ordi- 
nary sense, of public questions, but as though bv intuition 
he comprehended accuratelv and appreciated fulh' ever\- 
problem that arose. 

He made no pretensions to any special refinement or 
culture, but was familiarh' at ease in everA' circle. 

History, science, art, and literature were all fields in 
which he trod but casuallv, if ever at all, and vet amone 
his warmest friends and most earnest admirers were to be 
found the most learned of the schools and the professions. 

His ser\-ices in the Senate covered a period of almost 
seven }-ears. During all this time he was isrominent, 
influential, and helpful in determining policies and shaping 
• legislation of national and international importance and 
consequence; but he left behind him no statute or other 
measure of which he was distinctivel)- the author. 

In short, although he had deficiencies and probalih- 



30 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiua 

disappointed expectations in some respects, he filled a great 
place among the greatest men of his time, and died respected, 
beloved, and mourned by all classes of his countni'men. 

His greatness was not like that of Webster and Cla\-, or 
Lincoln or Blaine or McKinley, for he did not pretend to 
have the powers or accomplishments that made them so 
distinguished. He ])elonged to an altogether different class 
and t\pe of men. .\lthough a pleasant and agreeable 
public speaker, unlike them he was not an orator, and did 
not .seek to mold audiences by the persuasive powers of 
eloquence, nor did he undertake to formulate measures or 
to solve in statutory form the problems of constructive 
statesmanship. 

His powers were of a different nature. The\' were of 
the organizing and executive character. \\'hile he had 
sound judgment and quick perception to enable him to 
perceive the right of public questions and the policies that 
should be pursued with re.spect to them, he also had sounil 
judgment as to how to reach the understandings of men 
and how to impress iij^on iheni ihe necessities of ctKJiX'ra- 
tion and the character of machinery and procedure by which 
to bring about effective results. Plainly stated, l;e had 
uncommon common .sen.se and an almost unnatural knowl- 
edge of human nature. He was above all men of his 
lime fitted fur tile work llial fell to him in connection 
with the nomination and the tleiliun <if William McKinley 
t<i the Presidency. 

His training and experience as a business man enabled 
him to perceive and ai)i)reciate the incalculable im]H)rtance 
of the questions In be tried before the .\merican jx-ople. the 



Address of Mr. Forakcr, of Ohio 31 

superior qualifications of his candidate to represent liis 
party at that particular time with respect to those ques- 
tions, and the methods whereby to educate the American 
people and brino- them to a united support of the views 
that finalh' pre\-ailed with respect thereto. 

This was his great opportunity-, and he improved it so 
thoroughly that he not only excited the affectionate regard 
of his own party, but also commanded the admiration of 
his opponents. It was an arduous work well done. 

He had the tisual experience of men who do great things 
well. 

He was made the target for all the criticisms, abuses, 
slanders, and libels that malicious ingentiity could invent. 

There was no ignoble trait or passion that was not 
ascribed to him and portrayed of him in the political car- 
toons and writings of that day. A less strong man would 
have despaired and been destroyed b}- it, but he never 
showed the slightest concern on such account. 

Conscious of his power and the ultimate vindication of 
his purposes, he disregarded them all and went steadily 
forward upon the lines of dutA' as he saw it. 

He grew not alone with the vea.rs, but even with the 
days. Soon the whole country came to understand that he 
was one of the realh- great men of his day and generation. 
Then the jjendulum of public opinion swung quickh- in 
the opposite direction. Misconceptions faded and misrep- 
resentations ceased. Prai.se suceeded to criticism, and 
fa\-or followed, until he enjoyed at the hands of the 
American people a most rare and exceptional esteem and 
admiration. 



32 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

He was given a most gratif\ iiij^- e\'idence of this regard, 
and one that he fnlly appreciated, by the people of Ohio at 
the last election. As the candidate of his party for the Sen- 
ate he appealed directly for their snffrages, and at the close 
of a hoth' contested campaign was accorded the most tri- 
umphant indorsement ever gi\en l)y that State to any can- 
didate for that office. 

He had before him .seven years of sen-ice, for which he 
had already been cho.sen, when the fatal summons came. 
Had he lived and been blessed with health they would un- 
doubtedly have been years of still greater usefulness and 
higher honors. With his increased prestige and ripened 
experience all reasonable achievements were not only jxxs- 
sible but probable. 

lender such circunisiances his death .seemed not only 
untimely, but a most unusual public loss. The whole 
nation, as well as his family and close friends, experienced 
a deep .sense of bereavement. 

It is some consolation to realize that he ran his race well 
to the end, and that his career, .successful throughout, was 
crowned luitil its very clo.se with a .succession of brilliant 
triumphs that endeared him to liLs counlr\nien and ga\e 
him a jiermanent place of higli iionor not only in their hi.s- 
tory, but also in their hearts. 



Address oj Air. Scott, of Jl'cst Virginia Tji 



Address of Mr. Scott, of West Virginu 
Mr. President: 

To live in liearts we leave behind 
Is not to die. 

From childhood on through each succeeding period, 
among the many with whom we are a.ssociated, there are 
always those to whom we are peculiarly attracted, with 
whom it is an especial pleasure to be, who seem in some 
wa)- to belong to us and we to them. These we hold as 
friends. 

In the morning of that day which we call life, the Angel 
of Death, with noiseless footstep, steals among a group of 
merr}- children and bears away the one whom we most love, 
while we stand b)' wondering, afraid, and lonel)-. Without 
our little friend school is a drear)-, cheerless place ; we fail 
ill lessons that we knew, because our thoughts are far away. 
Nor have we heart for play ; a shadow falls on every game 
and robs it of its sport, and ever}- tree and field and brook 
reminds us of our loneliness. But sorrow does not long 
weigh down the buoyant, elastic spirit of a child ; and so, 
after a while, someone else slips into the \-acant place, and 
life is glad again. 

Years pass. It is the noontime of life's day. Again the 
unwelcome angel comes and bears beyond our touch and 
ken our best beloved friend. The pain is keen, the wound 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 3 



34 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

deep. We are restless; and listlessly we take up our round 
of duties; the charm and zest lia\e fled. To us the sky 
seems ever gray, and the j;lad sunshine to have gone for- 
ever. Yet this also is a period of elasticity, of ceaseless, 
virile activity, a period of many interests. So here, too, 
after a time, there is a rebound. Do we forget? Ah, no! 
This friendship becomes a sweet, a treasured memor\-, 
whose impress we bear through all the years to come. 

Time hurries on. We reach the afternoon of life and 
feel ourselves, though all reluctanth-, nearing the twilight. 
We are more slow than once we were to take on new 
friendships ; but time and the experience of life have given 
depth and strength to those already formed. Xor do we 
here escape the \isit of the angel. Indeed, he comes more 
frequently than in the years gone 1)\- and bears away those 
whom we cherish; but into the place of the friend whom 
death takes from us no new one enters. We are more 
lonely than we were in childhood or in earlier manhood, 
more full ol \ earning; yet is there no vacant place in our 
heart, for the in.spiration of llie i)ersonality of liini wliose 
fonn has vanished, whose voice is hushed, lives with us 
.still to bless us. 

Within a few brief \ears, thrice has the Angel come and 
borne away, beyond the dark, mysterious borderland, into 
llial fair eouiilry where "there shall be no more death, 
neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more 
IKiin," those whom I have had tlie honor lo claim ils 
friends — men of noble heart, of breadth of view, of poi.se of 
character, whose minds were masterful, who.se loyalty knew 
"no variableness, neither shadow of turning," — men great 



Address of Mr. Scott, of West ]'irgi)iia 35 

in achievement, who charmed alike the imagination and 
the heart — Hobart, McKinle}-, Hanna. And it is to honor 
the memory of the last of this noble trio, MARCUS A. 
Haxxa, that we are thns met to-day. 

When, on the evening of the 15th of Febrnary, represent- 
atives of the press called npon me and asked for some 
expression of opinion regarding Senator Hanna, I said: 
Gentlemen, yon nnist excnse me to-night. As well might 
you ask me to speak concerning the loss of some dear 
member of my own household, as to speak at such a time 
of him whom I have so loved. 

All that day I had remained near the room in which he 
lay ill, hope struggling within me against despair, despair 
against hope, hope finally yielding to despair. When the 
word came that to the last grim enemy the great, strong 
will of the otherwise unconquerable Haxxa had bendedj 
and I stood face to face with the fact that the spirit of this 
brave, true man had gone to return no more forever, grief 
and desolation filled my heart. 

He was a man made to be loved, and he was loved. To-day 
the world seems lonesome without him. I miss his kindly 
face, his cordial hand clasp, his genial companionship, his 
helpful counsel. Sometimes, indeed, it seems as if the very 
sunshine itself were not so bright and warm as once it was. 

I speak because " he was my friend, faithful and just to 
me ;" because I loved him ; because his friendship was one 
of the priceless blessings of my life ; and, finally, because to 
keep silent on this da)- set apart to do him reverence would 
seem to savor of disloyalty ; not that I can add aught to the 
rich meed of well-deserved praise that has been accorded 



36 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ifantta 

him tluriii}^ these weeks that have gone. I have no gift of 
eloquence with which to grace a splendid eulogy. Mine is 
but the simple tribute of a friend — a friend who knows no 
words commensurate with the mighty flood of feeling that 
surges through his breast. Those happier in the u.se of 
words than I, fellow-Senator.s — the orators of this honorable 
body — others brilliant and distinguished in public life, min- 
isters of the gospel, the press, political and various civic 
organizations, have paid liini noble tribute. And yet has 
he indeed need of the.se? Are not his own life and charac- 
ter his most eloquent eulogy? 

Nature herself will have no great things hastily formed; in the direct 
path to all beautiful ami con.spicuous achievement she heaps up difficulty, 

said Rufus Choate. And we have learned, each for him- 
self, onl)' too well the cost of even moderate achievement; 
we have learned also the cost of loyalty — especially the cost 
of loyalty in political life. When we remember, therefore, 
how ])n.cniincnt]y .Senator H.\NNA succeeded in every field 
that engaged his interest and to which he ga\e his en- 
deavor; when we remember his unswerving loyalty to every 
cause that he espoused, to ever)- promi.se that he made, to 
even,' friend that he had, we begin to appreciate how phe- 
nomenal he was. 

The president of jjerhaps the most powerful railroad sy.s- 
tem in the Tniteil States remarked some months ago that. 
in the .several conversations which it had been his privilege 
to have with Senat(jr H.\nna, he w;is struck with his com- 
])rehensive grasp of subjects to which, it might very natu- 
rally have been suppo.sed, he had had but little opportunity to 
give mnch c()nsi<leration; and lliat touching the question of 



Address of Mr. Scoil, of West Virginia 37 

transportation, for example, to which clay after day and year 
after year he himself gave his serious thought — which, 
indeed, was his life study — he had never talked with vSena- 
tor Hanna without receiving some new idea or some orig- 
inal and valuable suggestion. 

His political life was inseparably connected with that of 
our late beloved President, William McKinley. For many 
years he had been a warm admirer of I\^cKinle^■ and had 
supported him with all the ardor of a true friend in his 
political advancement. When the memorable campaign of 
1896 drew near, the demand for McKinley as the candidate 
of the Republican part>- became widespread and insistent. 

His long and honorable career in the National Congress 
and as governor of Ohio made him the logical candidate of 
the party. The country had just passed through a period 
of disastrous lousiness depression, and financial interests 
were in a chaotic and demoralized condition. McKinley 
was the personification of the American policy of protec- 
tion, and was heralded as the "advance agent of prosperity." 

At this juncture there appeared on the horizon a star 
previously unknown to the political world. • It flashed 
forth through the mists of obscurit\' with the brilliancy of 
a meteor, fixed itself in the firmament of political activity, 
and became the guiding star of the Republican hosts. As 
a political manager Mr. Hanna was an unknown quantity, 
and wise men shook their heads with doubt and fear at the 
sudden ascendency of this new Moses of the party. Many 
gave utterance to expressions of deprecation, but his friends 
knew him and trusted him. Mr. Hanna, as I have said, 
was comparatively unknown in politics; he had never been 



38 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

a national character in the conncils of his party, but he 
was a man whose name had been linked with success in 
every field to wliich liis energies had hitherto been directed. 

He addressed himself to this new responsibility with 
characteristic detennination and zeal, and more than ful- 
filled the expectations of his friends. His name became a 
household word the countr\- over. His great natural abil- 
ity, coupled with his long and successful experience in the 
world of affairs, fitted him for his new task and enabled 
him to master its e\'ery detail with a thoroughness and an 
understanding that gave confidence to those associated with 
him and e.xcited the wonder and admiration of even his 
closest friends. His methods were original, and his direct- 
ness fascinated his political opponents and compelled their 
respect. He was the riglit man in ihe right place. 

The splendor of the victory of 1896, following, as it did, 
one of the fiercest political campaigns the nation had ever 
experienced, demonstrated that there had been no error in 
the choice of a leader, and proved that tho.se who placed 
their faith in Mr. Hanna knew in whom they tru.sted. It 
won for liim the unbounded confidence of the country at 
large and made the .second deci.sive victory, gained by the 
Republican party in 1900 through his wise and conserva- 
tive leadership, but the realization of general eN]>ectation. 

(ireat as these victories were, however, to Mi. Hanna, 
thev hrouglii something of bitlerne.s.s. His iK)sition as 
chairman of the Republican National Ctunmittec made 
him llie target for the mo.st merciless critici.sm, the most 
venomous abu.se. As the strife grew more heated, the rival 
campaign orators and iiewspa])ers became more and more 



Aadrcss of Mr. Scott, of J I 'est I 'irginia 39 

inflamed; and, in some instances, all sense of political fair- 
ness and of respect for the personal feelings of men seemed 
to be lost. 

Mr. Hanna, the lifelong friend of labor, the kind, genial 
liberty-loving citizen, the considerate and respected em- 
plo\-er of workingmen, the honest, fair-dealing business 
man, in fact, the true, manly man in every regard, was pic- 
tured to the inflamed minds of the masses as a fiend incar- 
nate, a monster, a hard-hearted and cruel crusher of labor. 
His personal as well as his business life was distorted so as 
to present him in the most odious light; and for the time 
he was much misunderstood, much maligned. Outwardly, 
this abuse did not seem to aff'ect him. He was big enough 
and broad enough to tower above it, and when the storm 
was over he stood erect and strong, his integritv unscathed. 
But inwardly he felt keenly the injustice that had been 
done him ; the sting sank deep into his heart and hurt him 
to the quick. 

I shall never forget one morning during the campaio-n of 
1896 when he handed me a New York paper containing a 
cartoon of himself pictured as a huge monster, clad in a Suit 
covered over with dollar marks, smokiu"; an innnense cio-ar 
and trampling under foot women and children until their 
eyes protruded from the sockets and their skeleton forms 
writhed in agony. After I had looked at it for a moment, 
he said tome: "That hurts. When I have tried all my 
life to put myself in the other fellow's place, when I have 
tried to help tho.se in need and to lighten the burdens of 
those less fortunate than m\-self, to be picttired as I am 
here, to be held up to the gaze of the world as a murderer 



4© Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiuia 

of women and children, I tell \ ou it hurts." And, looking 
lip into the frank, manly face, I saw the tears coursing 
down his cheeks, and he turned and silently walked away. 

The subject which perhaps la>' closer than any other to 
the mind and heart of this noble man, that to which he so 
often expressed the desire to devote the remaining days of 
his life, was tlie vital question of capital and labor, the 
matter of the adjustment of the differences between the 
employer and the employed. His position was a unique 
one. He held the respect and confidence not only of the 
moneyed interests of the country, but also of the mass of 
the working people, and was therefore peculiarly fitted for 
the gigantic task of conciliating these two great classes in 
America. As an employer of labor, he gave the same 
earnest consideration to the welfare and advancement of his 
employees that he gave to his own. Strikes and lockouts 
were foreign to the industries which he conducted, and 
when differences arose they were adjusted amicably and 
satisfactorily. I thougiit, as I listened to the eloquent 
words of Bishop Leonard that sad ilay in Cleveland, luiw 
Senator Hannw's great, tender heart, so exquisitely sen- 
sitive to kindness, would have burned within him at the 
silent and sublime tribute of tho.se three hundred ihou.sand 
miners who cea.sed their work that da\-, laid down their 
picks, and ])ul out llieir lamps that tliey might llnis 
witness to tlie world llieir re\ereiice for "a rigiiteous m.ui, 
a strong leader, a considerate employer." 

It has been .s;iid that .self-interest rules the world from jxilc 
to jKjle; and when 1 .see how men, forgetful of the divine 
command to love one another, turn against their fellow-men 



Address of Air. Scott ^ of J J 'est J'irginia 41 

with hatred and malice, I am ahnost persuaded that the 
words are true. But, happily, amid the gloom of such pes- 
simism, there ever flashes before me the golden example of 
my belowed friend. When I remember how he gave up 
luxury and flung away ambition that he might go forth on 
the lofty mission of helping humanity and healing the strifes 
prevalent among us ; when I remember how, regardless of 
personal interest, he entered the arena where capital and 
labor were engaged in death struggles and brought them 
amicabh- together ; when I hear the glad acclaims of the 
hundreds of thousands whom he reconciled and helped, the 
vision changes and I see no more the darkness and the gloom, 
but in their stead come the blessed sunshine of hope and the 
dawn of peace eternal, and the world with all its cares and 
miseries and crimes brightens as with the glory of the noon- 
day sun. 

How our pulse quickens, how our hearts are stirred, in 
the contemplation of a character so impressive. Wisdom, 
honor, courage, strength, and earnestness of ptirpose, self- 
control, frankness, steadfastness, simplicit}-, and kindliness 
of heart — all were met in him. And to these must be 
added that other distinctive trait — the one to which, above 
all others, I believe he owed his preeminent success — an 
absolute love of justice and fair play. He abhorred unfair- 
ness. With admirable impartiality of judgment he quickly 
discovered the just side of every controversy, and this once 
ascertained, whether in the affairs of individuals or in the 
larger matters affecting the polic)' of his country, nothing 
could swerve him from the course that his sense of justice 
and of right marked out for him. It was this splendid side 



42 Life and Character of Marctis A. Hanita 

of his character that so endearctl liiiii to liis iVllow countr\- 
iiKii and eiisliriiicd him in their affections. And could 
we, who knew liini well, resist the magnetism of his high 
qualities? They were the subtle ke\s that unlocked our 
hearts and made them yield up to him their store of admi- 
ration and affection. 

The world is better because he lived. So e.xalted was 
his character, .so illustrious his achievements, so noble and 
unselfish his andjitions, that life gave him up reluctantly 
and death wa.s jiroud to take him. But death can not take 
from us the memory of what he was and what he did. 
Men come and go; he alone lives forever in the hearts of 
his countrymen who truly loves and .ser\-es his brother 
man. Though dead, this immortalit\ , this endle.ss life in 
human heart and history, is the supreme, the sovereign 
reward of M.VRCfS Ai.oxzo Hanxa. 



Address of Mr. CockrcU, of Missouri 43 



Address of Mr. Cockrell, of Missouri 

Mr. President: I desire to join in this last tribute of 
respect, friendship, and honor Ijy the Senate to the niemorv 
of our late colleague, Hon. i\I.\RCU.s Aloxzo H.\xna. 
Senator H.\xx.\ \vas born September 24, 1S37, in Lisbon, 
Columbiana County, Ohio, and died in this capital cit\- on 
February 15, 1904. With his father's famih- he removed to 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1852, where he made his home there- 
after. He was educated in the common schools of that citv 
and in the Western Reserve Colleg-e, at Hudson, (Jhio. 

His father was the senior member of the firm of Hanna, 
Garretson & Co., grocers. Senator H.\xna began his busi- 
ness career as an employee in that firm and continued 
therein to the death of his father, in 1862, and thereafter 
represented his father's interest until 1867, when the busi- 
ness of the firm was clo.sed up. He then became a member 
of the firm of Rhodes & Co., engaged in the iron and coal 
business, and at the expiration of ten years the title of the 
firm was changed to M. A. Hanna S: Co., whicli continued 
up to the time of his death. 

In this firm he became identified with the transportation 
business on the Great Lakes, in the ownership of \-essels on 
the Lakes, and in the construction of such vessels. He was 
president of the Union National Bank of Cleveland and of 
the Cleveland City Railway Compau}-. 



44 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

He devoted all his energies and abilities to his business 
affairs and was eininenth' successftil, acquiring a private 
fortune which placed him in the rank of rich men in the 
coimtry where riches are only coimtcd by millions. 

It is shown by the records that Makcis A. Hanna was 
mustered into service May 5, 1864, at Cleveland, Ohio, as 
second lieutenant of Company C, One hundred and fiftieth 
Ohio National Guard Infantry \'olunteers, to ser\e one 
hundred da\s, aiid that he was mustered out and honorably 
discharged from the service with his company, as second 
lieutenant, August 23, 1864, at Cleveland, Ohio. 

This organization, upon its muster in, proceeded to 
Washington, I). C, where it arrixed May 14, 1864, and 
was assigned to the defenses luirtli nf tlie Potomac. It was 
engaged in action at Fort Stevens, D. C, Jul\- 11 and 12, 
1864. 

The first civil position he lielil was that of (lovernnicnt 
director of the Union Pacific Railway Company, in 1S85, 
by the appointment of President Cleveland. This jxisition 
enabled him to extend and widen his acquaintances among 
leading business men and to form valuable friendships. 

While a stanch Republican, and taking a lively interest 
in party affairs, he Iiad not sought anv political preferment 
until 1884. He was cho.sen a delegate to the National 
Republican con\entions in 1884, 1888, and 1896. He had 
been an ardent admirer and a warni iKTsonal and ])olitical 
friend of I'resident McKinIe\', and was mo.st active in 
securing his nomination in 1896, and was chosen chairman 
of the National Republican Committee in that year and in 
1900, and was holding the jxjsition at his death. 



Address of Mr. CockrcH, of Afissotiri 45 

When Hon. John Sherman resigned his position as Sen- 
ator to accept the position of Secretary of State nnder 
President ^VIcKinley, Mr. H.A.NNA was appointed United 
States Senator by Governor Bnshnell, on March 5, 1897, to 
fill the vacancy, and in Jannaiy, 1898, he was elected to fill 
the nnexpired portion of the term ending March 3, 1899, 
and also for the full term ending March 3, 1905, and in 
January, 1904, was reelected for the term ending March 3, 
1 9 1 1 , by the largest legislative vote ever given a candidate 
for the Senate in that State. 

In all business affairs Senator Hanx.\ wielded a strong 
influence and his judgment was given great weight, and 
the results justified its soundness, and his organizations of 
enterprises were timely planned and capable of successful 
administration. As a politician Senator Hanna was pre- 
eminently successful and displayed a wonderful facult)- and 
power for organization, gauging public opinion, adopting 
measures for promoting the interests and success of his 
party, and seeing where effort should be exerted. It is 
related of him that, in discussing his reasons for being in 
politics, he said: 

I am in politics for the best interests of the country through the instri- 
inentality of the Republican party. 

Senator Hanna entered the Senate with the prestige of 
a most successful business man and a most capable and 
efificient party leader. 

The eyes and the attention of his personal and political 
friends and ahso his political opponents were fi.xed upon his 
conduct and actions as a legislator in the Senate of the 
United States without any previous experience in an}- 



46 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hatnta 

legislative body. His career in the Senate sustained the 
highest expectations of his personal and political friends and 
ga\e him high rank in the Senate. He was not a frequent 
speaker, but in his discu.ssion of the questions in which he 
participated he spoke with great clearness and force and 
received the closest attention of both sides in this Chamber. 
In regard to his death and loss I quote from an editorial 
in the Evening Star, of this city : 

The death of Mr. Hanna is truly a national loss, and a considerable 
one. He has for eight years played an important part in our national 
affairs, and played it well. He secured and held the confidence of the 
country. In business circles as well as in wage-earning circles he was 
esteemed a statesman of sagacity an<l fair dealing. His influence was 
exerted in behalf of the iiublic credit, of progress in affairs, and of a 
friendly, helpful understanding between capit;il and labor. H.\NN.\ the 
man was as busy in all matters touching these questions as H.\XN.\ the 
Senator. He labored unceasingly, taking his official connnission as a 
serious call to duty, and finding in the work before him an inspiration to 
his best endeavors. 

Mr. Hanxa will rank as one of our remarkable men. He was 60 years 
of age when he became a connnanding political quantity. I'p to that 
time, while he had been no stranger to ]x>lilics — l>earing as a good citizen 
his share in the local campaigns — he had in the main addressetl himself 
to jirivate business interests which, because of their size, had been exact- 
ing. But when the man whom he had lielpeil to make Tresident called 
for his counsel liere in oflice, he accepteil otVue, and almost imme<liately 
rose to ]K>wer there. Me proved to be not only an excellent adviser, but 
a strong deljater, holding his own in the Senate on questions of great diffi- 
culty with men schooleil in discussion by a lifetime devoted to public 
speaking. 

The voice which had not hitherto I>een lifte<l except at the council tnl>!e 
of a business establishment w.ts now heard in the Senate of tile I'nited 
States with resiK*ct and admiration. He spoke easily ami efTectively and 
as though born to the speaker's purple. 

The relations which .Mr. IIa.nna Ixire to Mr. McKinley were most affec- 
tionate. He helped the statesman and loviil the man. Mr. McKinley's 
great success in office was dear to his heart. 

As a member of the committee of the .Scnalt api>oinled 
to accompany the remains of Senator H.\NX.\ to their last 



Address of Mr. CockrcU, of Missouri 47 

resting place in his home city of Cleveland, Ohio, I was 
present at the fnneral services. 

Although the weather was exceedingly inclement, the 
many thousands of the people from his home cit)' and from 
many parts of his native vState and from other States who 
were there assembled were the strongest possible testimo- 
nials to the great respect, warm friendship, and affection 
they cherished for him in all the relations of life. The last 
fnneral services were held in St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 
under charge of Bishop Leonard, who, among other things, 
said : 

We are gathered here to-da}- in this house of God for the last services of 
benediction over the body of our distinguished citizen, our kindly neigh- 
bor, and our beloved friend. The nation has honored him with its civic 
function at the capital of the United States; the Commonwealth of Ohio, 
by the hand of her governor, has received him back into her care and 
keeping; the citj' has stood silently about his bier, reverencing his mem- 
ory and sorrowing at his departure. And now the holy church would 
commit his body from whence it came and his soul unto the righteous 
Savior who redeemed it and who loved it with an infinite affection. It is 
not the time or place for extended eulogy and praise; such will be fitly- 
spoken by those well equipped for such a privilege. But there are certain 
qualities and characteristics of this man so highly regarded by all classes 
of people that ought assuredly to receive recognition in the midst of his 
friends and associates and at this solemn hour. 

The testimonies that have been given from many and varied sources 
blend together in a common strain and harmony as they speak of his high 
integrity, his inflexible and dauntless purpose, and his tender, true heart. 
Their composite resultant .seems to portray with unmistakable outline and 
detail the features of his human service. Tho.se who are as.setnbled here 
need no inspiration for their love and estimation of this earnest, helpful 
life. We knew him well; we loved him well; we mourn for him with 
undiminished sorrow because we shall .see his face no more. I!ut we may 
each of us go forth into the life God hath granted us with added enthu- 
siasm for our tasks and toils, since we have noted how worthily he did his 
duty for others, and we realize that the world he served is not unmindful 
of his greatness and goodness, nor ungrateful for what he strove after and 
for what he accomplished. 

And. first, the universal comment is on his integritv. This was a 



48 Life and Character 0/ Marcus A. Hatina 

keynote in his life. I recall a fine, ringing address he made at Kenjon Col- 
lege last year when the degrees were Ijeing conferred upon its graduating 
class. And the thought of his heart found expression in his eloquent 
words as he urged \x\tm\ those men the essential importance of a high and 
])ure integrity. It is this wont that he has carved deep upon the stone 
that marks his long and successful business career. He was not only 
honest, but he was fair ami just in all his dealings. He was respected by 
everyone in his employ. 

Senator H.\nxa was warm and tender-hearted — devoted 
to hi.s friends and his friends were devoted to him — was 
generons and kind to his employees, and enjoyed their 
respect and friendshij). I shall never forget the words 
.spoken by him at a dinner <.^i\en by him in lionor of Gen- 
eral Booth, of the Salvation Army, after General Booth 
had explained the organization and work of the Salvation 
Army thronghont the world. He told how he had become 
interested in that work, and enlisted in aiding it, and the 
great good it was accomplishing in reaching and elevating 
a class and condition of people not reached by other denom- 
inations of Christians, and plainly manifesting bis tender- 
ness of heart and his warm sympathy in behalf of those in 
lowlv conditions in life. All these traits of his noble, gen- 
erons character were exhibited in his famil>- relations. As 
a hn.sband he was faithfnl, devoted, and lo\ ing to his noble, 
good wife. As a father he Vas kind and affectionate to his 
two daughters and .son. 

He achieved di.stinguished success in his business, in his 
])()litical aspirations, and in his career in the Senate of the 
I'nitecl Stales. We shall miss liim in this Chamber, taken 
from us by the grim rea])er Death in the zenith of his 
achievements and ])ower. We lament his ikalh and tender 
to his bereft and sorrowing wife and children oiu heartfelt 
condolence and sympathy. 



Address of Mr. Piatt, of Connecticut 49 



Address of Mr. Platt, of Connecticut 

Mr. President: It may with truth be said that when 
Marcus A. H.\nna died all the people mourned with a 
grief that was deep and unfeigned. Something in his life 
and character had endeared him to all classes. What that 
something was it is difficult to say, but we know that it is 
given to but few men in this world to inspire such respect 
and affection as did our deceased comrade and brother. 
His death saddened all. From one end of the nation to 
the other all felt the solemn hush which precedes impend- 
ing disaster. Then came long, wear}' days of waiting, with 
alternating hope and fear, and finally the great sorrow 
which makes a whole people one in the sense of common 
loss. 

The sun of life was clouded, and the whole air chill and 
dreary. It seemed as if the tie which bound his heart to 
every heart had been rudeh- sundered. While all shared 
the common grief, I think that nowhere outside of the circle 
of his domestic life was the mourning so deep as among his 
Senatorial associates. We had learned to admire him for 
his ability; to respect him for his strength; to wonder at 
his great influence; but more than that, each had come to 
love him as a friend. 

Others have spoken and will speak of his career; of his 
business and public life; of his statesmanship; of his success, 
and of his power; but I wish to-day only to speak of him as 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 4 



50 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilatiua 

a friend, and to say that I cherish above earthly possessions 
the reiiKinbrance of our friendship. 

Tlu- attachments of men one to another are inexplicable. 
How men are drawn to each other so that their lives seem 
to mingle and flow in one current is a mystery, bnt such 
friendships constitute the real pleasure and joy of life. I 
knew Senator Hanna before he came to the Senate, but 
only as a casual acquaintance; I knew him as I had read of 
him, as a man in the jniblic eye, who was doing the things 
he set out to do, a forceful, powerful man. There was no 
special bond of sympathy between us, and yet ver\- soon a 
friendship .sprung up which I cherished more and more 
until the .sad da\- when he left us. I am sure that I came 
to know liini inliiiiateh', and llial lie came to know me 
thoroughly. Whatever this passion of friendship ma\ be, 
I knew that it existed between us. We did not always 
think alike or act together. Though our lives frequently 
appeared to run in different channels, I still felt for him, 
as I believe he did for me, a peculiar attachment. I felt 
that most grateful and satisfying a.ssurance that he was my 
friend, and I stro\e to let him know llial I was his friend. 
I foiuid him to be genuine, sincere, loyal, and true-hearted; 
qualities which above all others go to make up the be.st 
that man can ever hoix- to attain. 

He was genuine; I am sure no one e\er doidHed that. 
He never rang fal.se or hollow; he never altemi>U«l lo pa.ss 
for ih.ii wliitli he was not. He liated j)reten.sion and .sham 
and concealment. He wxs out.sjKjken. Wliat he .said he 
meant, and what he meant he sjiid. He feared no one. 
Hi- lourlii! 111! out- for the s;ike i>f advancement. 



Address of Mr. Flatly of Connecticut 51 

He was sincere; the genuine man is alwavs sincere. His 
bond needed no seal, and his word was as good as his bond. 
I think more than anyone I ever knew he "wore his heart 
upon his sleeve." He illustrated the story of the old 
Athenian who is said to have built his house of glass, that 
all might look in and see what he was doing. Nothing 
hurt him more than to have an)-one suppose that he had a 
motive that he was not willing to avow. Nothing wounded 
him so much as that the shafts of calumny should be 
directed at him, and yet he was so sincere that such shafts 
never pierced his armor, but always fell hannless at his 
feet. 

His lo\alt\- was something wonderful. With his friends, 
and no man had more friends, it carried him nearly to 
extremes. I often thought that he of all men was one who 
would be willing to die for his friends. Once he became 
convinced that one might be trusted as a friend there was 
nothing that he was not ready to do for that man. Neither 
personal exertion nor self-sacrifice would he spare in his 
behalf. Friendship has its burdens as well as its joys, and 
he took upon himself all of its burdens as easily and as 
heartily as he shared its joys. 

He was true hearted — no man was ever truer to his con- 
victions or to his sympathies. He never deviated from the 
path in which his great heart impelled him to walk. He 
never turned back from the course which his judgment and 
conscience marked out for him. He was as tender as he was 
true — almost womanly in his tenderness. He was never so 
engrossed in the management of important affairs or the 
direction of great policies but that he was able and readv to 



52 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

turn aside, thai the poor, the sufferiug, and the unfortunate 
might know that he felt for them and was glad to help 
them. Children loved him, and knew by intuition that he 
loved tlit.ni. I think the finest photograph which is pre- 
ser\'ed and cherished l)y his friends is that in which he 
stands leaning on the railing of a boat with the boys of the 
water front gathered around him in an apparently mutual 
and pleasant companionship. 

Almost every generation produces one man who, abo\e all 
others, understands his fellow-men, and has for them such a 
human and brotherly feeling that all instincti\'eh- turn to 
him as their spokesman and leader. Such a man earns for 
himself the title of a "Great Connnoner," and I know of 
no man in whom all the qualities of heart and mind and 
soul which find expression in these words were more finely 
blended than in Mr. H.\xn.a. He was indeed a great com- 
moner. He recognized no class distinctions. The worthy 
and indu.strious poor were as welcome to his hand .shake and 
his heart touch as the fortunate- and the great. He looked 
upon all Uie people as one great family, in which there 
should l)e no distinctions between high and low, ricli and 
poor, but in which the sense of brotherhood and mutual 
dependence should bind them together in a common fellow- 
.ship. I think that man comes nearest to the attainment of 
greatness who sviiijtatlii/.es with and understands well the 
common j)eoplc; wlio never cea.ses, on the one hand, to 
Strive and toil for tlieni, or, on tlie other, yields to their 
unreasonable demands. 

There was nothing of the demagogue about our friend. 
He never pretended an interest in the peo]>le which he did 



Address of Mr. Platl, of Connecticut 53 

not tnily feel. He never sought to rise in the estimation 
of the people by any appeal to their prejudices or any pre- 
tense of sympathy which he did not actually feel. His 
political life was as far removed from that of the dema- 
gogue as the clearest sxnilight is removed from darkness. 
He was a man of strong con\-ictions, who lived and wore 
himself out in following his convictions. 

Neither philosophy nor even faith can wholly reconcile 
us to the loss of such a friend. We know that death is the 
common lot, but we are never ready for the coming of its 
angel. We know that the golden bowl must at some time 
be broken, yet our hearts must always break with it. The 
ties of human friendship are too strong to be sundered 
without a sense of loss and despair. 

We know that our friend lives on ; but we would see 
him, and speak with him, and feel the touch of his gen- 
erous and noble heart. We look about us to the seat in 
which he sat as if our eyes might rest upon him, only to 
find that he has gone from us, and wc turn again with a 
fresh sense of sadness and personal grief. 

But this our friend lived well his life. It was not .so 
brief but that it left its mark npon our times and made men 
better and stronger and nobler because he lived. He died 
in the plenitude of his strength and power and usefulness. 
I believe, and I rejoice in believing, that the earth which 
covers up what is mortal in man never hides or covers his 
influence upon mankind ; that it is not the evil that men 
do, but the good, that li\es after them ; that this genera- 
tion, that all the generations to come, will be the better and 
stronger for the life which our comrade lived here and for 



54 L.ife and Character of Marcus A. Hanii.i 

that great influence which, though he has gone from our 
sight, will live on. 

So until \ve may rejoin him wi- must be content — not 
content merely, but thankful — for all that he brought into 
our lives, for what he accomplished for all lives. To-day 
we speak our farewells to our friend with the feeling that 
after all they are not real farewells, and that if he can not 
come to us we may go to him, where the friendship only 
partially interrupted will be taken up again for eternit)-. 



AMrc'ss of Mr. Cullom, of Illinois 55 



Address of Mr. Cullom, of Illinois 

Mr. PRE.SIDEXT: 111 the few remarks I shall make on 
this solemn occasion I find it difficult to determine what is 
most fittint; to say. 

Evidences of monrninj.^ occur .so" frequenth' in this 
Chamber that we can not forget that " in the midst of life 
we are in death." 

In the death of Senator Haxx.a. one of the most remark- 
able men of our countr>' has passed awa)-. He had an 
extraordinary career, a career that challenged the admira- 
tion of the people, without regard to section or partisanship. 

Senator H.\xx.\ was never fully conscious of his own 
intellectual power or the strength of his personal influence. 

He was a Republican from the organization of the 
Republican part\-. As a man of affairs, he did not seek 
office, but did his whole duty b\- his country and his party. 
When his devoted friend, the late President McKiiile\-, 
became a candidate for the office of President of the United 
States, Senator Hanna became his champion and devoted 
himself, and all the energy and influence he possessed, to 
the work (which with him was a work of love) in securino- 
President McKinley's nomination and election, and then 
his election the second time. When his friend, and the 
friend of us all, was taken awa>- by the cruel hand of an 
assassin, Senator Hanna was greatly crushed, but his bra\e 



56 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hatnia 

heart bade him go for\vard in the discharge of his duties 
as a citizen and as a Senator. 

He became a member of the Senate on the 5th of March, 
1897. He at once took his place as a strong man. He had 
strong convictions and did not hesitate to avow and defend 
them, in the Senate or out of it. 

He was in favor of the Panama route for the isthmian 
canal connecting the two great oceans in the interest of the 
commerce of the U;iited States and the world. He was a 
powerful advocate of that route, as against the Nicaragua 
route, and it is not too much to say that success in the adop- 
tion of the Panama route was largely due to his efforts. 

Mr. H.\.N.\.\ was a true and positive man, and whatever 
he undertook to do he did with great energy and power. 

In his recent campaign iox reelection to the Senate he 
attacked, without fear or favor, what he regarded as falla- 
cies and injurious doctrines urged upon the people by his 
opponents, and he came out of the campaign after winning 
a victor)" at the jhjIIs which ga\'e him, as I am informed, 
the largest legislative majority ever given to any man for 
the Senate in the histor\- of the State of Ohio. 

Mr. President, no man in this country had .such a hold 
upon the affections of the people as Marci'S Alonzo 
H.\NX.\ had at the time of his death. He was acquainted 
with the people in all the walks of life. He was a great 
business man. He was familiar with mills and factories, 
mines and railroads, and steani.ships, and with the men who 
conducted tlie business, and with the men who did the 
work. He sym])athi/ed with the wage-<arner, and, as ha.s 



Address of Air. Cnllom, of Illitwis 57 

been stated here to-day, as an employer of labor he never 
had trouble with those who worked for him. 

Mr. President, it is not so much what a man says as it is 
y/hat a man does in^ his community, his State, or his coun- 
try in whatever honorable calling he may be engaged. The 
man who does the best for the welfare of the people is enti- 
tled to the most gratitude. 

Senator Hannw was a splendid example of industry, 
whether in the conduct of his great business enterprises, in 
political campaigns, or as a vSenator in these legislative 
halls. We often hear men speak of the business man in 
politics. Senator Hanna, in his brief service in the Sen- 
ate, demonstrated the very great advantage which his inti- 
mate knowledge of important business enterprises gave to 
him in dealing with questions as a legislator. 

For the last few years of his life he labored assiduoush- 
to bring about better relations between capital aud labor. 
He believed he coiild render service to his fellow-men and 
to his country by his efforts to bring managers aud meu of 
extensive industrial establishments into closer and more 
friendly relations with each other. He was an employer of 
men, and his heart went out to the poor man. He worked 
to impro\e the poor man's condition, and at tlie same 
time to aid capitalists or proprietors by .securing harmony 
between employers and the employed. 

While Senator Hann.a has gone from the Senate and 
from the world, he has left his impress upon the countr)' as 
few men have done who have gone before. 

Mr. President, as I stand in this presence, speaking of 



58 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hantia 

our departed friend, I am reminded of a long^ line of emi- 
nent statesmen, generals, lawyers, and judges of Ohio who 
Ikuc passed away and who, during \\\\ own recollection, 
made the pages of the history of our nation lirilliant b\- the 
simple story of their great deeds. 

Ohio has given the nation three great Presidents in the 
persons of Ha\es, Garfield, and McKinley. She has given 
the countr\ man\- great Senators, notably Sherman, Tlinr- 
man, and Hanna; two Chief Justices and an Associate 
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the 
persons of Chase, Waite, and Swayne ; brave generals, 
notably Sherman and vSlieridan. These are great names — 
names of noble ukii wlm did nincli to build up and do 
honor to their State and country. 

Mr. President, one of the earl\- statesmen, William Wirt, 
in delivering an oration on the lives and characters of 
Thomas JeiTer.son and John Adams, both of whom died 
on the Fourth of July, 1826, said that they — 

Resteil not until tlK-y liad acconiplislie<l their work, when they were 
called to their reward, and lliey left the world hanil in hand, exulting as 
they rose in the success of their latiors. 

Mr. President, the late President McKinley and the late 
Senator Hanna. to the latter of whose memory we pay 
tribute to-day, two great .Vmericans, devoted to their 
conntrv and devoted to each other, did not leave the world 
hand in hand when their work wa.s finished, but the one 
followed the other after a little while, and doubtless they 
are again together where irottble never conie.s and where 
there will be no more parting forever. 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 59 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of KENTuar 

Mr. President- It is not in studied temis of eulogy, but 
rather from the standpoint of a political opponent, though 
a personal friend, that I would speak of Senator Hanna. 
In the few moments that I will ask the attention of the 
Senate I will speak of him as I knew him. I have noth- 
ing prepared to say to-day, uor do I care to have. 

There were some characteristics developed b)' this dead 
Senator that, in my judgment, not only marked him as an 
extraordinan,' man, but proved conclusively, to m}- mind, 
that he was a man of sufficient power and force to have 
made and left his impress upon any Senate that this coun- 
tr\' has ever known. The severest crucial test that can be 
applied to a man's greatness is to adopt the standard of 
achievement, and, measured by this rule, the friends of Sen- 
ator H.\XNA may safely challenge comparison. 

The public knew him as a public man for a half dozen 
years only, and I ver)- much doubt if we can find in all the 
annals of our country's histor}- a man who in that .short 
space of time did more to leave an indelible impression 
upon his countrymen. His advent into public life was not 
fortuitous. Without experience, without the advantages of 
academic or liberal education, without identification with 
au)- deliberative body, after a life spent until he had reached 
his third-score milestone in the activities of business and 



6o Life and Character of Marcus A. Hatma 

commercial venture, he came for the first time into public 
notice as a member of this great Chamber. 

Without the advantage of professional discipline, he 
found himself here, at the ven,- starting point of a mar\-el- 
oush- successful though short political career, to be meas- 
ured by eight\-nine men who had been selected from 
80,000,000 of people because of their assumed fitness for 
the great work upon which he entered. Here he took his 
initiation, pitted against eighty-nine old gladiators of debate, 
and he who is willing to do justice to this man's fame must 
admit that from his entrance here imtil his death, upon all 
questions, political or commercial, he maintained his place 
in the very front rank of the strongest debaters in the 
Senate. No ordinary man could have done that. 

I'.nl more; when he canic into public life he did not 
come heralded as we would choose to be, but quite the 
contrarv. The public had been taught to regard him as a 
man whose methods were not to be admired. We believed, 
save those who knew him intimately — and I speak without 
regard to political jjurty division — the American public 
believed that he was nothing more than a .shrewd, effective 
manager of campaign politics. They believed that his 
methods were not commendable. They Ix'lieved that he 
had but one idea in the waging of his life's work, and that 
was grounded upon an unfailing faith in the power of 
monev. Tliis was the general estimate placed upon this 
man wlien he burst upon the public view. 

I frankly avow, Mr. Tresident, that to more than an aver- 
age degree I shared the jjrejudice that was held against 
him. Tliat {jrejudici- M])<>n a closer aci|unintauce and a 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 6i 

better opportunit\- to measure the man disappeared utterly. 
That judgment was reversed. Its falsity and error I openly 
avow, and in lieu of that prejudice of feeling was substi- 
tuted the broadest gauge of measurement for his ability and 
the sincerest personal sense of friendship and affection. 

He did more, Mr. President. From his very- entrance 
into public life he was recognized as the one public man in 
this country who, probably to a greater extent than anv 
other, commanded the confidence of what is termed the 
"moneyed interests" of our people. He was placarded as 
the spokesman of the trusts, the trusted apostle of the com- 
binations, and singularly enough, he held the confidence of 
that element of our people to his death. It was never im- 
paired or abated, whilst he built up for himself an equalh- 
potent place in the affections and confidence of the laboring 
masses of our people. 

It is not more than just to say of him that at the end of 
his six or seven years of public service he held in greater 
measure than any living American statesmen the confi- 
dence of all classes. 

It is true he never reached what is regarded as the high- 
est office within the gift of the American people, but he did 
more to illustrate his power. If he did not wear a crown, 
he put it upon the head for which he destined it. He 
proved himself the Warwick of American politics, and this 
meed of praise can not be fairly or truthfully denied him. 

I got to know him well, and the better I knew him and 
the closer I came to him the more implicith- I trusted him, 
the more I admired him, and the more tenderly I felt for 
him. 



62 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanua 

It has been tnil\- and eloquently said by Senators who 
have preceded nie that he was an open-hearted, honest, can- 
did man. More tliaii unci- I have had occasion to go to him 
to know what his course would be upon a given matter 
pending before this body. He never refused to answer, 
and when he answered it was never by evasion. Whether 
friend or foe, you always knew where he would stand vipon 
any disputed question. His faith once plighted was never 
\iolated. His word once given was ne\er broken. Loyal 
in his friend.ships, true to his convictions, he commanded 
in fullest measure the respect and admiration even of his 
opponents. 

I know no higher tribute to pay a departed friend, loyal 
in ever\' relation of life. IK- ne\er measured consequences 
nor considered sacrifices wlieii lu- deemed liiinself called 
upon to stand by his friends. 

It is true his public life was short, but point me, if you 
can, to any man in all the list of honored names that have 
preceded us wlio in six short years accomplished more than 
this dead Senator. I^asily, concededly the strongest man 
of his party, and lliat i)arl\ dominating and shaping the 
policies and destinies of tliis great country, his record, in my 
judgment, stands without compari.son. 

.\nd vet, Mr. President, the time of his taking off was not 
unfortunate. Looking at it with a view to the preser\'ation 
(if Ins fame, the stroke could nut liaxe come at a more for- 
tunate or op])ortune momeiu. .\j.^e liad not impaired his 
]K»wers.'' Time had not blunted his love of friends and 
fame and jiower. He <lied in tile fullness of these envied 
jKjs.se.ssions, and may we not conclude that it was fortunate, 



Address of Mr. Blackburn, of Kentucky 63 

viewed from this standpoint, that he died when he did? 
What more could he have accomplished to have demon- 
strated his capacity, his character, or the strong points of 
his personality that commended him to his countrymen? 
He is to be envied in that he did not live too long, for — 

When 'tis given us to choose the time, if we choose aright, 
'Tis best to die our honor at its height. 



64 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanita 



Address of Mr. Elkins. of West; Virginia 

Mk. Presidknt: Tlic rise of the late Senator Hanna to 
political power and his advancement to the front rank of 
statesmen are iniique in the historj- of American politics. 
From his boyhood until 1895 he devoted himself almost 
exclusively to business, and became widely and favorably 
known both in his native State and through the East in 
business circles. As the result of his industry, al)ility, 
honorable dealing with men, and genius for organization 
he was successful from the beginning and accinntilated a 
large fortune. 

During this period Mr. II.vxx.x ga\e but little attention 
to public affairs, was not known to the countr>- as a poli- 
tician and not widely known as sucli in liis own State. 
In tile year 1S96 he began to attract public attention by 
his vigorous advocacy of the nomination of his beloved 
friend, the late Presid(?nt McKinley, for the Chief Magis- 
tracy of the nation. Watching political events with a 
keen interest, interpreting accurately the situation, and 
with an ardent devotion ti> llic fortunes of Mr. McKinley, 
he decided tlial the time had come for llie Rcpubliqan 
party to stand not only for the protective tariff, but un- 
ecpii\ocally for .sound money, and tliat Mr. McKinley 
.should be its .standard bearer. Without consulting Repul)- 
lican leaders, and often witliout their advice or ajjproval, 
he mo\ed l)oldly forward iu the work of org;uiization to 



Address of Mr. E/kii/s, of ]]'cst I'irgiitia 65 

cam- out his well-foriiied purposes. He toiled with his 
whole heart to perform the task he had taken in hand. He 
addressed himself to his undertakins^- on the same lines that 
had brong-ht him abundant success in his business career. 
His sound judtfment, his knowledg^e of men, his confidence 
in the tact, commandiui^- ability, and conservatism of Wil- 
liam McKinley, made him feel that he was right and what 
he proposed was in the interest of his part\- and the 
countr}-. 

At first party leaders gave little heed to the doings of 
^Ir. Haxna and to the plans he had made for the leader- 
ship and policy of the Republican partN'. They felt that 
he was an unknown quantity, too new to politics, too lack- 
ing in experience for such an iindertaking, and that it was 
the audacit}- of the novice in public affairs for him to break 
awa}- from the traditions of party management and refu.se 
to be governed by the advice of the tried leaders who 
had for \ears controlled the part}- policv and its national 
conventions. 

It was not long before the results of this new force m 
politics began to be felt throughout the country. Old 
leaders looked on with surpri.se and .sometimes with amaze- 
ment. Meantime the tide for .McKinley, under the guid- 
ance of H.\NX.A.'s .splendid powers of leadership, rose higher 
and higher. Here and there sporadic attempts were made 
to present the claims of* other Republican statesmen for 
nomination at St. Louis, but all to no purpose; and long 
before the convention a.ssembled it was known that INIr. 
McKinlev was the choice of the people and would be 
nominated without opposition. 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 5 



66 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hantta 

It is not necessary to mention here even the leading 
features of President McKinley's wise administration and 
the maeic results that followed in the business world. The 

o 

people soon realized what Mr. Haxxa knew long before — 
that Mr. McKinley was not only a good, pure, and just 
man, but that he was a leader who could lead and a 
statesman who could be trusted to care for the state. It 
followed, "as the day the night," that Mr. McKinley made 
a great President, and that, with almost unanimous con- 
sent, his name is classed in our hi.stor\- with the names of 
Washington, Lincoln, and (irant. 

The claims of Mr. McKinley — because of his successful 
administration, his fairness to all interests, his stateman- 
likc treatment of new and grave questions of .'^crious con- 
cern, not only to this comitry but to the nations of the 
world, many of them as difficult as ever came to any of his 
predece.s.sor.s — were fully recognized by the people, and his 
.second nomination and election became a foregone conclu- 
sion. During all tliis lime Mr. II.\.\na was the close 
advi.ser of tlie President, bearing himself in llie position of 
recognized influence with the modesty of con.scious power. 
He remained at the head of the national committee, con- 
ducted the Presidential camjjaign, and witne.s.sed for the 
second lime ihe inauguration of liis friend, crowned wilh 
the l)enedictions of a pro.sperous and happy jKfople — per- 
haps the mo.st beloved President who had ever taken llie 
oath (jf office. 

P"or more than forty years .Mr. Ha.n.na was an employer 
of lal)or. He underslo(Kl the wage-eanur. He knew how 
to .sympathize wilh liim. Later in life, when Jiis fame 



Address of Mr. Elkuis, of JJ^csf J'irginia 67 

filled the country and he was blessed with large wealth, 
his heart went out to the wage-earners in their struggles to 
better their condition. His sympathies were so aroused 
and his conscience so worked upon that he flrmlv resolved 
to give the remaining vears of his life toward helping to 
bridge the gulf that di\-ides labor and capital. He openly 
and frequenth- declared that he would rather help reconcile 
differences between employer and employee and bring an 
end to useless strikes than to be President. Employer and 
employee looked upon him as their truest friend ; and this 
confidence from the.se opposing forces, the strongest in our 
civilization, was one of the chief grounds if not the fore- 
most reason for the unequaled confidence bestowed upon 
him by his countrymen. Such confidence and such succe.ss 
are not accidental, but the reward of merit. 

;Mr. H.^NNA was not a trained politician nor an expe- 
rienced statesman. He entered upon his career in politics 
and statesmanship too late in life to be either. Yet he 
rose to be the recognized leader of his party and took high 
rank as a statesman. He did not toil as others through 
long and arduous years to reach his commanding position; 
he advanced, the people welcomed him with their confi- 
dence, and the leaders gave way and made place for him. 
It is as impossible as it would be useless to try to rea.son or 
.speculate how all this came about, and how Mr. HanN-iv 
reached his high position in so .short a time and apparently 
with .so little effort. It could be seen at once that he was 
a man of ability, purity, integrity, and high courage. 
These virtues are often assembled in others but have not 
alwa^•s vielded the success the\' l:)rou<'ht to Mr. Hann.a.. 



68 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hantta 

Duriiijj President McKinley's first administration Mr. 
Hanna was elected to the Senate, and continued a member 
of this body until his untimely death, which brought tears 
to his friends, j^^rief to his colleaonies, and sorrow to the 
people. From the time when he first took part in national 
politics, at the age of 58, until his death covers a period of 
less than nine years. In this brief period he became, next 
to the President himself, the dominating force in public 
affairs, and after the death of his lamented friend unques- 
tionably the most popular man in our business and national 
life. 

In his daily life, though burdened with business cares and 
public duties, Mr. H.\nn.\ went about doing good. He gave 
the best that was in him to all his undertakings. He was 
.sought out and consulted bv people of all conditions, from 
the miner digging in the mine to the President of the great 
Republic, and gave alike to all the benefit of his aid and 
judgment. Measured by the truest standards — 

He attained 

To the full stature and maturity 

( )f simple greatness. 

He was kind, generous, uu.selfisli, willi a heart full of 
sympatlu for humanity. He helped the weak and lowl\- in 
their efforts to be strong, and the strong to l)e finn in good 
things and high purix).ses. He has left a name that " binds 
to honor and virtue;" an example that will Ik- an inspira- 
tion lo young men " far on in summers we shall not see." 

He gained jjower and confidence unaided by high office. 
He w;ls not the ruler of a kingdom nor of a republic, b\u he 
Wiis a ruler in the minds antl hearts of men. The soul at 



Address of Mr. El kins, of U^est Virginia 69 

last, with its mystic unknown powers, is the greatest force 
we know. 

Great truths are portions of the soul of man; 
Great souls are portions of eternity. 

^Ir. Hanxa may not have known it, but he convinced 
the minds of men, and conquered through the workings of 
a great soul, glimpses of which were had through his kindly, 
loving eyes, true eyes, that, with his genial smile, disarmed 
opposition and invited confidence. 

Like most great men, he was simple, unselfish, and with- 
out affectation. Simplicity belongs to greatness. 

He wa.s — 

Rich in saving common sense, 
And, as the greatest only are, 
In his simplicity sublime. 

The lesson is taught us more and more e^'ery da\- that 
in the life of nations a people's chief reliance for securitv 
and progress is on their strong and godlike men. 

The passing of such a man gives us pause, and we won- 
der why his going was so soon. His death brings us again 
face to face with the great ultimate mystery — the myster\- 
which in the minds of men is being slowly solved ; for, 
added to the light of the old revelation, light is still .strug- 
gling in from the new revelations we are con.stantly receiv- 
ing through the poet.s — the seers and prophets of the ages; 
and the truth is more distinctly dawning that death is the 
beginning of the real life, the life that lasts, "the change 
that never changes." 

Our (lay of dying is our day of birth. 

Franklin, taken all in all, our greatest American, says: 

We are spirits — man is not completely Ijoni until lie dies. 



70 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiua 

The great poet and seer, Tennyson, writing to Britain's 
peerless Queen, said: 

The dead, though silent, are more li\-ing than the living. 

It is a solace to believe that our individuality continues 

and that — 

Death is the chilliness that precedes the dawn; 

We shudder for a moment, then awake 
In the bright sunshine of the other life. 

The life of our dear friend and colleague has changed, 
not ended. It will go on in another place and with another 
body. His soul has passed " into the house not made with 
hands, eternal in the heavens," into the all-pervading ether 
wliicli fills the space between stars and suns, the home of 
spirits, with spiritual bodies, where revolving worlds bring 
no darkness, and where there is eternal light. He now sees 
with a clear vision. It has been gi\-en to him to understand 
all things, and for him all problems are solved. 

For tlm' the giant ages heave the hill 

.\nd break the shore, and evermore 

Make and break, and work their will; 

Though world on world in myriad myriads roll 

Round us, each with different powers, 

And other forms of life than ours, 

What know we greater than the .soul? 

On God and go<llike men we build our trust. 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of India >2a 71 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 

Mr. President: Again Death has entered this exalted 
Chamber and laid his hand ui3on a friend. With reverent 
and heav)- hearts we come to place npon the enduring- 
records of the Senate our estimate of tlie life and work of 
our late colleague whom we lo\ed and honored. 

We are sharply reminded h\ what has transpired that the 
world is filled with tragedies, and that the profoundest 
among us can see but a little way into the future. When 
the present session of Congress began our friend was in 
buo\-ant spirits. He looked fonvard with happy anticipa- 
tion to the accomplishment of man\- beneficent things for 
his fellow-men and for the Go\-ernnient. But a few weeks 
ago he returned from the great and loyal State which im- 
plicitly trusted him, bearing her credentials for an addi- 
tional term in the United States Senate. His partv had 
honored him with a more generous indorsement than ever 
she had given any of his illustrious predecessors. 

It .seems but yesterday that his voice filled this Chamber 
in advocacy of measures for the public welfare. The echo 
has scarcely died away. It .seems but yesterday that we 
met and greeted him, radiant with hope and full of good 
cheer. We can scarceh- believe that we shall not meet and 
greet him on the morrow. 

Marcus A. Hanna was one of the foremost Americans; 
one of the most eminent members of this great fonun. He 



72 Life nud Character of Marcus .A. Hauna 

achieved place and power through no mere caprice of acci- 
dent. He forged his way to the point of vantage occupied 
when he laid down his great responsibilities by the strength 
of his own genius and by virtue of arduous deeds done. 

He was born September 27, 1837, in New Lisbon, Colum- 
biana Count\', ( )]iio. His father's family were members of 
the Societ)- of Friends and his mother was a Presbyterian. 
It was in this wholesome atmosphere he was reared. When 
he was of the age of 15 his father moved to Cleveland, 
where the .son graduated from the high school, and then 
attended the Western Re.ser\e College for a brief period. 
He then entered the great business world, a universit\' with 
a vast and exacting curriculum. He was well equipped 
and admirably fitted for the contest. 

He had good executive ability, the initiative faculty, 
pluck, energy, the abilit\' to attach men to him as with 
hoops of steel, and ab.solute, incorruptible integrity. Great 
enterprises sprang into being under his hand, and in due 
time he became one of the great masters of industry. In- 
creasing material jwwer did not make him careless of his 
fellow-men nor indifferent to the cultivation of those finer 
qualities which are the evidences of the best civilization. 

Wliile he always took more or le.ss part in i)()]itical 
affairs, he did not become particularly prominent until i.Sq6, 
when he directed the campaign fur the nomination of Wil- 
liam McKinley for the Presidency, and when, later, he 
became chainnan of the Kepublican national connnittee. 
The camj)aign, in which he displayed splendid abilities of 
leader.sliip, was one of the niost njemorable in .\nierican 



Address of Air. Fairbanks, of Indiana 73 

history, and he emerged from it with a national prestige 
well established. 

He was preeminent as a political organizer. He firmly 
grasped general principles and mastered essential details 
He selected political lieutenants who were capable of exe- 
cnting his plans with lo\alty and success. He emploxed 
those qnalities in political management which had made 
him a commanding fignre in the world of bu.siness, and 
which wonld have made him a snccessful general if he had 
chosen the profession of arms. 

He sncce.ssfnlly led the forces of the Repnblican party 
through two national campaigns. In each contest he 
displa}'ed a generalship which commanded nniversal 
admiration. He organized with consummate .skill the ele- 
ments with which to achieve victon.-. He conducted a 
school of education ujjon a broader .scale than ever 
before attempted, for he believed, and wi.seh-, that our 
political .safety rests upon an educated, intelligent, i)ublic 
sentiment. 

It was fitting indeed that when President McKinley 
entered the White Hoiise Senator Hanna should enter the 
Senate. Here was a new theater for the display of his 
genius. He was miaccustomed to the official environment 
of the national capital. He had the most profound 
respect for the dignity and traditions of the Senate and a 
high regard for the distingtxished statesmen with whom he 
was to fellowship. He did not attempt to assert leader- 
ship. He was willing to sit at the feet of his elders until 
the issues and the occasion commanded him to speak. He 



74 I-ifr (i>'(i Character of Marcus A. /fauna 

soon won, and held unimpaired to the end, the respect and 
confidence of his associates. 

He attempted no personal aggrandizement at the expense 
of others. He .sought to ad\ance good measures in order 
that he might in some degree promote the best interests of 
his coiintr^-men. 

When he came to the Senate we were met with grave 
qnestions growing out of affairs in Cuba. Through all the 
days of anxiety, .so familiar to many who are now present, 
Senator Hann.\ was a modest and safe counselor. 

There was no exigency which he did not meet delib- 
erateh' and wi.-^cly. He was a diligent and apt .student of 
the great questions wliicli engaged the attention of the 
Senate. He took a rational \ ie\v of them and invariably 
arrived at conclusions which were entirely sound, and when 
the time for action came he met the issues .squarely and 
without evasion. 

He was not an orator according to the more critical or 
generally accepted standards. He cared little for the mere 
elegancies of sj^eech. He was not a rhetorician, yet he was 
a speaker of unconunou power. His .speeches were not 
carefully wrought out in ad\ance. They were fashioned 
:ls he uttered them. He mastered the subjects to be 
discussed, and in plain and forceful language .sjxike to the 
hearts and consciences of liis countrymen. He was one of 
iIk- most popular sjX'akers of the day. His .ser\ices were 
in urgent demanil ever\- where, and he addre.s.sed va.st 
nuikitudes who heard him with s\ nipatlietic attention. 

He seldom s|)oke in the Senate, l)ut always with niaui- 
fe.st effect. 1 lis most notable siKeches were made in supjxirt 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 75 

of a measure to build a nierchaut uiarine aud iu advocacy 
of the Panama Canal. He strongly favored a Government 
subsidy as the most certain and direct means of securino- 
our rightful place among the carrying nations upon tlie 
high seas. He appreciated the natural prejudice in the 
minds of many people against the grant of a subsid)', but 
he thoroughly believed iu the benefits to accrue to the 
countn,- by the creation of an adequate merchant marine, 
and he was willing to stand against the prejudice of the 
moment, belie\-ing that the people would ultimateh" \ield 
their approval. 

He carefully studied and mastered the entire subject of 
an isthmian canal, in which the people had long been inter- 
ested. ]Many had come to favor the Nicaragua route. 
Perhaps a majority of the American people preferred it. 
But the investigation led hiui to the conclusion that the 
Panama route should be cho.sen, aud he advocated it with 
such force as to contribute largeh- to reverse the popular 
\-erdict and secure its adoption. His speech was a most 
powerful presentation. It drew tremendously upon his vital 
forces. 

Yonder he stood for hours, speaking with great energy 
and with orderly arrangement and luciditv of utterance, 
which commanded the utmost admiration of the entire Sen- 
ate. Wearied at times, he would resume his chair and 
speak from it. It was a notable and, indeed, a pathetic 
effort. He opposed able and resourceful antagonists, and in 
the sharp encounters, which were frequent, he demonstrated 
the fact that he was a debater of no ordinar^• abilitv. 

His life had been s]ient in the business world, far 



76 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

removed from llie forensic arena ; yet when a "Teat issue 
pcnded in this forum he met the ablest debaters npoii a 
plane of absolute cqnalit\-. He spoke with fluency and 
from a fullness of his subject. He comprehended it in its 
historical, scientific, and practical aspects, and he carried 
conviction with him. 

He was one of the founders and chairman of the National 
Civic Federation, an organization designed to promote a 
better understanding and to maintain peace between capi- 
tal and labor. He was particularly well fitted for this 
\Vork, which was in the best sen.se a labor of love. He 
had long been a large employer of men, with whom lie 
maintained good terms, and lie had relations with vast cai> 
ital. He possessed the confidence of butli great interests in 
an iniusual degree. The (lolden Rule was the fundamen- 
tal code of his procedure. 

Although .severeh- ta.xed 1)\ the exacting demands of the 
Senate and party leadership, he gave much thought and 
lime to the work of the I-'ederation. Many differences 
were • composed by it, largeh- through his influence, before 
they had reached the breaking jxjint. He li\eil to see the 
creation of the organization amply justified. 

He regarded this .serxice as of the utmost importance 
and looked forward to the establishment of belter relations 
between lal)or and capital through the instrumentality of 
tile l"ederation with confidence and ]>leasure. He fre- 
(|uently said that if he were obliged to retire from either 
tile Senate or the Federation, he would feel it his duty 
to retire from the former, as much as he valued his seat 
here. 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 77 

The systematic work of education — 

Said he — 

was begun during the last five years by the Civic Federation. I took 
some time to consider the work of the Federation, and am firmly con- 
vinced that it is the object to which I desire to consecrate the remaining 
years of my life. I fully appreciate that it is a long struggle, but the 
progress already made under the motto of the Civic Federation— the 
Golden Rule— has surpassed even my most sanguine expectations, and I 
am sure that the American people will sustain a policy based upon the 
highest moral and .social impulse. 

He was frank and outspoken in his views of the correla- 
tive rights of labor and capital. 

Fainiess and justice- 
He declared — 

will never agree to the confiscation ofthe products of one man's toil in 
order to insure comfort to the idle and worthless. The old law of com- 
pensation is operative now as ever. No "ism" is wanted bj- the American 
people that will take from any citizen the just and equitable reward for 
his labor. 

Senator Hanna was a man of practical mind. He did 
not dwell in an atmosphere of purely speculative philos- 
ophy, but among the .serious realities of life. He possessed 
in full degree the power of great initiative. He organized 
and set on foot vast enterprises which required large capital 
and gave emplovment to thousands of workingmen. He 
was essentially a creator; never a destroyer. He opened 
the door of opportunity to others and thus became a bene- 
factor. He was a man of innate modesty and never 
indulged iu the merely spectacular. He coveted the respect 
and confidence of his fellow-men, not for self.sh purposes, 
but that he might the better .ser\-e them. 

He possessed a keenh- .sensitive nature. He was deeply 
touched bv the criticism of his political opponents, which 



/S Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

for a time was so sharp and unjust. That criticism whicli 
sought to undennine the confidence in him of his countr\- 
men and to impeach his broad humanitarian sympathies 
and purposes left a sting. He cared nothing for the criti- 
cism of his political views. He held to them tenaciously 
and conscientiously, with confidence in the ultimate sober 
judgment of the people. 

He was a jjlaiii, blunt man. He was always perfectly 
natural. He did not pretend to be what the Creator did 
not intend him to be. He was no mere timeser\-er. He 
did not bend tp ever)- wind that blew. He was an honest 
man — honest in thought, in purpose, and in deed ; honest 
with tile world and honest with himself. He possessed in 
a remarkable degree the " genius of common sense." He 
was resourceful, and had at instant ct)nnnand all of his 
faculties. 

He was tenacious of his opinions, though not dogmatic. 
He was ready to yield to a better reason wIku it was made 
manifest. He sought no compromise with expediency. 
What was right was right, and what was wrong was wrong. 
He occupied no middle ground. He was courageous and a 
total stranger to the arts of the demagogue. 

He wiLs a man of most attractive personality. He had 
warm and generous impulses and drew his friends close to 
him. IK- most delighted in their companion.ship. He had 
a keen sense of humor, a "gentle wit," and he w;us alwa\s 
a fascinating conversationali.st. His friendshii)s were fast, 
and he stood by those who dwell within his confidence 
through go<Kl an<l evil report. Xo exi^'eucv could alienate 



Address of Mr. Fairbanks, of Indiana 79 

his support, for the severer the storin the deeper sank the 
roots of his affection. 

He was the trusted friend of the late President AIcKinley 
throughout his ilhistrious political career. He possessed 
his unbounded confidence, a confidence which he repaid 
with unfailing loyalty and unmeasured devotion. 

His name was frequently mentioned, and with entire 
respect, for still further official honors than those he 
enjoyed here. The suggestion needed but the encourage- 
ment of his assent to make it a formidable realit^■, but he 
was content with the great distinction of a seat in this 
Chamber and discouraged all effort to make him a candi- 
date for the most exalted place in the Go\'ernment. 

His career admirably illustrates the great possibilities 
that lie before the American youth. He became a power 
in widely separated fields of endeavor. To ha\-e achie\ed 
distinction in either was honor enough for one man. His 
early life as the successful man of business gave no prom- 
ise of the eminence he was destined to achieve in the world 
of politics and statesmanship. He did not become a stu- 
dent of statecraft luitil after he had passed life's meridian. 
He proved to be a quick student of those great problems 
which concerned the State. 

He was a man of indefatigable industry. He believed 
in the virtue of labor. He wrought on with no thought 
of self. His friends observed the serious inroads he was 
making upon his health and sought to dissuade him from 
overtaxing his strength, but he disregarded their kindly 
admonitions and labored on until he fell at his post of 



8o Life and Character of Marcus A. Ihxiuia 

duty — a virtual sacrifice to his country and liis counlry- 
incii. Xo soldier ever died upon the field of jjlory more 
surely for others than did he. 

Senator Haxn'a and I were friends before coming here, 
and my entire public ser\'ice to the hour of his deatli was 
in fellowship with liim. One of the choicest memories I 
shall lake into jirivate life is the memory of liis confidence 
and unvarying' friendship. 

I visited him a number of times after he entered the sick 
chamber with an illness supposed to be but temporary. He 
was loath to give up his intercourse with his friends. Ht- 
loved them and he loved the world. He had not gathered 
his harx'est. He had no lime to take accoinit of death. 

For many long and anxious days his conntryuKii awaited 
tidings of his illness. In the alternations of ho]x- and fear 
we watched and reverently invoked the All-Merciful ()ne 
to spare our friend to us and to his countrv . Hut his hour 
had come, and tenderly we laid him awa\ by ihc lakeside 
which he so much loved and wlitre he sleeps well. 

Hrave spirit, an affectionate farewell I We lake \\\> the 
burdens you left us and press on, and in good time, in (iod's 
])ro\idence, we shall leave them to others. This historic 
Chamber has its entrances and its exits, through which the 
.stately jiroccssion comes and goe.s. We .shall each, in his 
turn, seek an exit. 

Good friend ! We shall forever cherish as a priceless 
heritage the memor\- of \our nobility of character autl your 
services and .s;icrifices for the Stale. 



Address of Mr. Daniel^ of I'ii-ginia 



Address of Mr. Daniel, of Virginia 

Mr. President: Marcts Alonzo Haxxa, junior vSena- 
tor from Ohio, died in this city on the 15th da^■ of Febrnar\- 
last, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. With the single 
exception of the President of the United States, he was at 
the time of his death the most conspicuous and the most 
influential of the public men in the service of the countrw 
In addition to his official position as a Senator from Ohio, 
he was then chairman of the national Republican organi- 
zation. Occupying those two great positions at a period 
when the party to which he belonged held the reins of power 
in all departments of the Government, and attributing its 
triumph in large measure to him, he naturally and justlv 
wielded a mighty power, and was "the observed of all 
observers." 

But beyond this, Mark H.axxa, to call him by his popu- 
lar designation, possessed a personalit>- and had led a career 
apart from political station that gave him much .signifi- 
cance. Trained to business from boyhood, he had risen to 
high place in the commercial world. " He that is diligent 
in his business shall stand before kings," was said of old. 
In our modern American life .so \-a.st are the concerns of 
business that he who is diligent in his business is in power 
a king, and is often the maker of tho.se who wield the jjow- 
ers of government. He had himself established a great 
s. Doc. 321, 58-2 6 



82 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hatiiia 

business house and was either tlie iuiniediate employer or 
interested in tlie eniplovment of many thousand workmen. 
He had been brought in contact witli and had won the con- 
fidence of the leadiufj spirits of finance, transportation, and 
trade. He had establi.shed a reputation as a man of ability, 
fair dealinj;, entcrpri.se, and sound judi,nnent. He had won 
a great fortune through years of patient toil. He was, when 
he stepped into the arena in 1896, recognized as a represent- 
ative man of the large business interests of the country. 
He was also the immediate friend and right-hand man of 
William McKinley, who, through years of political experi-- 
ence, had now l)cc()nie tlie star of hope and Presidential 
candidate of his part\ . 

It was then that Mr. H.\XN.\ became the chainnan of the 
Republicans, and it was under the most favorable circum- 
stances and conditions for the appearance of a strong man 
in tliat position, for a ]Kiliiical crisis was at hand. I']) to 
this period both political parties had coquetted with the 
mone\' (jncstit)n, and both of tliem were more or less di\'ided 
in opinion respecting it. For the first .time the Rei)ublicans 
proclaimed them.seUes explicitlv' for the single gold stand- 
ard, and with equal explicitne.ss the nemocrac\- declared 
for the old-fashioned, long-accustomed, and age-lionored 
bimetallic silver and gold .standard money of ihe people 
from the days of Washington. Had the contest stood on 
this issue alone we should have had a battle worthy of the 
time " when knighthood was in flower." The single-standard 
])eople have .said one thing and sIoikI for it. 

The Democratic advocates t)f bimetallism would have s;iid 
one thing — silver and j.^old as standard mone\, and stotnl ftir 



,-iffdrrss of Mf. Daniel, of J 'irgntia 83 

that alone, "lender which king-, Bezonian? Speak, or die." 
Bnt this wa.s not the presentation of that campaign. The 
Democrats added other things, some of them new things, 
to their platform. Whatever were their intrinsic merits, 
which I shall not discn.ss, they led to immediate assaults 
upon side issues, obscuring in .some measure the main issue. 
It is probably in some measure due to this fact that the 
result of the campaign was not regarded as completely 
decisive of the question, and that it was to a degree revived 
in another Presidential election, in turn obscuring and handi- 
capping the then greater issue involved in the annexation 
of distant lands and peoples. 

The people are themselves the arbiters of public ques- 
tions. When b\- their voice William McKinley was 
elected President, with Mark Hanna as the practical 
manager of the campaign, the latter had leaped upon the 
springboard of success to greater importance as a politi- 
cal factor than a\\\ man had hitherto done in the histor\- 
of this Republic at a single bound. Upon the inaugura- 
tion of the President-elect, John Sherman, then in the 
Senate, became Secretary of State, and on the day there- 
after, jVIarch 5, 1897, Mr. Hanna, by appointment of the 
go\'ernor of Ohio, entered the Senate of the United 
States, his colleague, the Hon. J. B. For.\ker, having 
been swdrn in upon the pre\'ious day. He was now in 
the sixtieth \ear of his age. Oliver Cromwell at the 
age of 43 became a .soldier, and as captain in the parlia- 
mentary army rose to be a great general and the dictator 
of a nation. Mohammed at the age of 42 had a \-ision 
in which he was saluted as "the Prophet of God," and 



84 Life and Character of Marais A. Hanna 

bec&ine the founder of a creed whose adherents yet num- 
ber many millions. 

Chaucer, at Woodstock with the nightingales. 
At sixty wrote the Canterbury Tales; 
Goethe at Weimar, toiling to the last. 
Completed Faust when eighty years were past. 
These are indeed exceptions; but they show 
How far the gulf stream of our youth may flow 
Into the arctic regions of our lives. 
WTiere little else but life itself sur\-ives. 

Mark Hanxa put on the annor of a new strife in the 
forum at three-score years of age — a period when many, 
wear>- and worn with life's battle, la\- it off — and I know 
of none who so late in life assumed the heavy tasks of 
public ser\'ice, whether in military or civic station, who 
acquitted themselves with more vigorous and adaptive 
ability or who attained greater success. Entering the 
arena of debate on the hustings, at festival, and at public 
ceremonial without the training, experience, and equip- 
ment which prepare for such exercises, he competed in di.s- 
cussion with the foremost intellects and most practiced 
tongues of a land singularly fruitful in all varieties of 
oratorical and controversial genius. He su.stained himself 
abl\ and readily. He spoke aptK' to the point, exhibiting 
ample sources of information and facility of expression. 
He displayed a versatility and elasticity of talent that alike 
surpri.sed ;inil ple;used, and to his solid abilities* his good 
humor antl gracious, hearty manners were ]H)werftil and 
attractive adjuncts. 

There are two things that I wotild say of him that lind 
utterance witli sjx-cial .satisfaction to nic. His per^ional 
relations with his colleagues, of whatever phasi- of jKililical 



Address of Mr. Daniel, of J 'irginia 85 

opinion, were marked by the unfailing courtesy and consid- 
eration that well become a member of this body and that 
bespeak the manly and generous spirit. I never knew him 
until he became a Senator. My relations with him were' 
never intimate, and I never had negotiations with him 
respecting an\- matter of profound and general public im- 
portance ; but I met him frequenth- in the ordinar\- cir- 
cumstances of our business here. I had with him many 
consultations and conferences about matters of detail, and 
about some that deeply concerned my own constituents. I 
shared the courteous hospitality of his board, which he 
delighted to dispense to his friends and genial acquaint- 
ances. It is a pleasant memory to me that on all occasions 
I found in him that prompt and candid expression, that 
polite regard, and that cheerful and amiable companion- 
ship that can not fail to inspire friendship, to conciliate 
opinion, induce confidence, and brighten and bless existence. 
Mark Haxna — I say it in his high praise — never at anv 
time here, nor within my knowledge or observation at any 
other place, exhibited an}- narrow prejudice, any .sectional 
repugnancy, or vindictiveness toward any segment of his 
countr)- or any portion of his countrymen. On the con- 
trar}-, his conduct in this regard seemed to me eniinenth- 
worthy of the true American and the broad-minded states- 
man. He often spoke of his \'irginia ancestry, his grand- 
father Hanna having gone to Ohio from the town of 
Lynchburg, Va., in which I live, and he, like Allen O. 
Thunnan, William Alien, Benjamin Buttersvorth, George 
Pendleton, and many others, distinguished repre.sentati\-e 
men of Ohio, being .scions of old \'irginia stock. His 



86 Life and Character of Manns .1. Haniia 

Americanisiii was catholic and comprehensive; his human- 
ity was betokened by his manners as by his conduct, and 
he had a native and unaffected sympathy for his people 
and his kind. His ambitions were tempered bv genialitv 
and good nature, and his words were moderated by the 
discerning instincts that sever difference of opinion from 
personal hostility or hatred. Like William McKinley, his 
countni-men ever\-where were not without a place in his 
regard. 

Our enemies without we can readily provide against. 
The selfish, artful, or fanatical sectionalist within is the 
most insidious and dangerous foe to the peace, happiness, 
and dignity of our great national commonwealth. 

In one respect Mr. H.\nn.\ occupied the vantage 
ground of exceptional!)- favorable relations to the suffra- 
gans of this countr)'. Himself a capitalist, with large 
interests in transportation, luamifactures, and trade, he 
had won the confidence of the moneyed classes and the 
business men. 

As the employer of many workingmen he had won their 
confidence and good will and that of others of similar voca- 
tions by a wise, conciliatory, and ju.st course which had pre- 
vented strikes and broils. " Come and talk the matter over 
with me " was his .standing invitation to all employees who 
had a grievance, real or suppo.sed, and such was his lactful- 
ness, which could only have had its b;i.se in his sen.se of jtis- 
lice and humanity, that his conferences always bore the 
fruits of peace, conccs.sion, and contentment. It is not to In- 
wondered at that a man of such characteristics and of such 
a fortunate relation to the .sources of political jKiwer should 



Address of Mr. Daniel, of I 'irgiiiia 87 

be widely spoken of and fa\-ored for the Presidency of the 
United States. 

The star of that high office seemed at one time to hover 
over him. Had he yielded to the natural promptings of 
ambition and hitched his wagon to that star, there is no 
doubt that he would have proved a powerful and attractive 
candidate. The conviction of the masses that he was a 
level-headed man, well balanced, and that he had a lively 
regard for all his countrymen had increased his prospects of 
success. Perhaps the admonitions of advancing years and 
the prudential intimations of weakening health deterred 
him. Be this as it may, Mr. Hanna was yet in the zenith 
of high career. He had just been reelected to the Senate 
with unprecedented manifestations of support in his own 
State, and he was invested and surrounded with whatever 
this world can give of its fruits, its honors, and its hopes, 
be he the toiling son of labor or the ambitious aspirant for 
public place and power. 

Suddenly he was taken down with a dreadful typhoid 
fever. He resisted its siege with calm and patient courage, 
but soon it was well known that he had sickened unto 
death. 

No party line divided those who hovered with anxious 
and sympathetic inquiry around his residence in this city 
or who eagerly sought the latest tidings in the morning 
and evening press. When the inevitable came, and science, 
wealth, .station, friendship, and love stood at naught, the 
whole land mourned, and the sympathies of the people were 
poured forth to the circle of near and dear ones who bowed 
at his side before the stroke of Almightv Power. 



88 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

It was universally thou<(ht and felt and said that a man 
of fjTcat ability and amiable disposition and remarkable ac- 
complishments had departed; that he loved and served with 
tenderness those who were bound to him b>- ties of affec- 
tion or kindred blood; that he bore no malice toward his 
political opponents; that he loved his whole countr)-; that 
he fought openly with courageous conviction and manly 
ardor; that his abilities and virtues far exceeded whatever 
faults might be imputed to him, and that he was, all in all, 
a great American and a fuU-statured man. 

May God's infinite goodness to his creatures pour balm 
into the wounded souls of the lo\ing ones, soreh- stricken 
by his loss, and may He sustain and comfort them in their 
affliction by His infinite power. 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 89 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 
Mr. President: 

Friend after friend departs; 

Who has not lost a friend? 
There is no union here of hearts 

That finds not here an end. 

It seems as if it were but }-esterday that onr friend and 
associate, Senator Haxx.\, was seated at my right in tlie 
seat he so long occupied. I can ahnost hear the echo of 
his familiar voice and his cheerful greeting, and see the 
pleasant smile in recognition of those who were near him. 

It was my good fortune to be associated with him upon 
several important committees, in attendance on which he 
was alwa\'s punctual to the hour of meeting, and was 
watchful and painstaking in the consideration of every 
measure submitted for investigation, giving the subject- 
matter the same thought and consideration he would have 
done had it been a question affecting his own private 
business affairs. 

He had the confidence and respect of all who knew liim. 
Capital had confidence in him because bv industry and 
economy he had become a capitalist. Labor believed in 
him because he had been a laborer all of his life, and all 
that he was or hoped to be he owed to labor. 

Therefore he intended to devote a great part of the 
remaining years of his life in reconciling and harmonizing 
this imaginary conflict between labor and capital. 



go TJfe and Character of Ma rem A. I fauna 

Could he to-day send a message to us from behind the 
veil that conceals him from our view, it would be one of 
patriotism, love of country, home, and our fellow-men, and* 
mutual cooperation and confidence in each other, to the 
end that all mi^hl work tojjether for the niulual l)enefit 
and happiness of our common country. Me would say a 
generous use of capital in industrial enterprises should 
benefit the owner as it does the whole community. 

It was in this earnest effort to bring capital and labor 
together on a basis of mutual imderstauding that much 
was to be expected from a man of liis energy, uprightness, 
and usefulness. His whole heart was in llie work he had 
tuidertaken, for he fully recognized that the questions 
involved are the most im]iortant with which our country 
is called upon to deal. Without the friendly and harmoni- 
ous cooperation of these two fundamental ba.ses of prog- 
ress — prosperity and peace — the future will be dark indeed. 

H\ earl\ training and by later achievements, b\ char- 
acter, intelligence, and knowledge of men. Senator H.\nna 
was full)' equipped for the great labor which he liad \olun- 
tariK undertaken. He knew both sides of the ipiestion, 
and had s\nipalliy fur both the parties arrayed against 
each other, for he saw where each had rights, as he also 
saw where eacli invaded the rights of the other. 

He had decided views ujjon every (piestiou on wliich he 
was called \\\>q\\ to legislate. He did his own thinking, 
and it was no easy task to dis.suade him from a line of 
action u]>on which he had t)uce deleriuined. 

Hut he had a kind heart and was fvill of svinpalhy for 
the unfortunate and atllicted. Although a sufferer himself 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 91 

from lameness, wliicli made it at times painful to walk, I 
have seen him many times within the hour leave his seat 
to answer a card from some one in the Senate reception 
room who had called to ask a favor. 

Loyalty to his friends was a marked characteristic of his 
nature. If one had his friendship and confidence, noth- 
ing: could swerve him from his belief in their intesfritN'. 
Calumii)' and abuse of his friends seemed to intensify his 
loyalt}- and cause him to put forth renewed efforts in their 
behalf. 

I have read tha,t in the Koran it is said: "When a man 
dies, they who survive him ask what property he has left 
behind," but the angel, the messenger from heaven, who 
bends over the dying man, asks what good deeds he has 
sent before him. 

When Senator H.\nxa in\ited me, with other friends, to 
attend a dinner and reception he gave last }-ear in this cit\- 
to General Booth, the founder of the Salvation Army, I 
asked him, " Do yon believe in the doctrine General Booth 
preaches?" He replied: "I believe in the great and good 
work in which the Salvation Army is engaged, and the 
practical results which we .see from tlieir efforts. The\- are 
reclaiming thousands of men and women from lives of 
dissipation and shame to tho.se of usefulness and good 
citizenship. This, to my mind, is practical Christianit\-, 
and every month I make it a rule to give my contribution 
toward this splendid work." 

Senator Hann.\ was a successful man in the business 
affairs of life, and industry, application, patience, and 
integritN' were the only .secrets of his success. But tlic 



92 Life and Character of Marais A. Haiitia 

acquisition of wealth was to him, aside from providing 
bountifully for those who were near and dear to him, to 
do good to others and to make the world better because 
he had lived. 

The great problem was how to bring each side to look at 
the industrial field as one, and not two fields occupied bv 
hostile interests; to show that hostility is suicide, in that 
the injun,- of one of the elements of production brings 
destruction to production itself, wherein all concerned, both 
laborers and capitalists, must suffer as surely as must the 
hinnan being when the limbs are severed from the liody. 
I think his policy in dealing with this (juestion was not 
unlike that of the ])h)sician who treats bodily ills. The 
industrial body, like the human body, is an ciuit\'. H\'ery 
part is essential to every other part. When the head aches 
from disorganization of the functions of the liver the latter 
organ is not extirpated, for that would mean death to the 
whole organism. When intense cerebral disturbance inter- 
feres with digestion the brain is not removed, for that like- 
wise would mean death. The ])h\sician strives to di.sco\er 
the cause of the abnormal conditions which show their 
effects in remote organs, and by restoring a condition of 
health to one i)art to restore the normal well-being of all. 
WIku disease gets beyond human control, and loss of func- 
tions results (ir amputation becomes necessary, the organism 
can never reco\'er its lost pnwer, and its efficiencN' is ]K'r- 
nianenth- impaired. 

ll is thus willi labor and eajiilal, anil that fact was tlu 
fundamental one on whicli Senator H.\nn.\ based his effort 
for tile re.storatiou of heaillu indu.strial conditions. lli> 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 93 

aim was to ascertain the cause of discontent, whether injus- 
tice, actual or imaginan.-, unreasonable demands on the part 
of labor or of capital, or simply misunderstanding due to 
ignorance of existing conditions. Whatever the disease of 
the industrial body, he would cure b^• siich remedies as 
would restore the natural conditions through the education 
of those most intimately concerned. Ignorance, misunder- 
standing, intolerance, passion, greed, and revenge are the 
diseases of the body industrial which bring in their train 
weakness, inefficiency, and, if not quickly cured, disaster 
and death. But they are curable diseases, and this was 
what caused Senator Hanna to bring to bear upon the 
problems the}- presented that wide sympathy, that profound 
knowledge of men, that faith in the efficacy of reason which 
made him, like the tried and trusted physician, a man in 
whom all could put confidence, knowing that his .sole aim 
was to restore to healthful activity the industrial world. 

It seems an easy lesson to learn if capital and labor will 
but reason together, for the laborer of to-day is the capital- 
ist of to-morrow, and he who ranks as a capitalist to-day 
may, b)- adversit}.' and misfortune, again become a laborer. 
Ever)' avenue to education, to honor, to fame, and wealth 
are open to the poorest boy and girl in our land, and tlie\- 
will sureh' win if the\- have industrj- and perseverance. 
There can be no class distinction in a government where 
the people are the source of all power. Here character is 
the .shibboleth that opens the door which reveals to us our 
duty as citizens of our common country. 

Had Senator Hanx.\ li\ed ten -sears I believe that he 



94 I-'fi' "f"^ Character of Marcus A. Hauiia 

would ha\e seen the g^reat and good resnlts of his work. I 
believe that he would have bronght about that understand- 
ing between capital and labor wliich must be attained 
before the dangers which confront us can be removed. I 
believe that he, of all men, was best qualified for the work 
in hand and would have been measurably successful; that he 
would have made it plain that the laborer and the capitalist 
have identical interests, and that the injury of one is the 
injury of the other ; that they must work together for the 
common aim of the prosperit)' and well-being of all con- 
cerned ; that sympathy must take the place of discord, and 
that man lias no rights as against another, the enforcement 
of which would tend to disorganize the social fabric. This 
object, I believe, was that to which Senator H.\XN.\ had 
devoted the remainder of his life, and this unselfishness is 
one of the les.sons we may learn from him to whose memory 
we to-day pay tribute. 

It is hard and .sad to realize that we shall never .see him 
here again. Hul such is the connnon lot of all. Ii is as 
natural to die as it is to be born and live. Tlic .sands in 
the life glass of each one of us liere to-day are .sureh- falling, 
and the places tliat we now fill will know us no more for- 
ever. Ah, myster\' of death, and greater my.stery of life! 
The human mind can not comprehend that which tin- 
Infinite has not revealed. Ma\ we ha\e faith in tlie 
promi.se that death is the gateway of a new life. 

When we .solemnly and with aching heart Ixire the last 
earthly remains of our frientl from the caj)ilal of the nation 
to his beautiful home, it was a da\' of sorrow and grief for 
the go(Kl ]>eople of tin- cit\ 1)\ the lake. Hnsine.ss was 



Address of Mr. Perkins, of California 95 

suspended, btiildings draped in mourning, and with sympa- 
thetic voice and face all united in paving their last sad 
tribute of respect to the memory of their friend and his 
bereaved family. Reverenth' to mother earth we con- 
signed him, believing his spirit can never die and his 
influence will be a benediction to the living. 

I stood a short time since upon the shore of the Pacific 
coast, and as I watched the sun sink beneath the ocean 
horizon and the gloaming twilight blend into darkness, 
I turned awa\' with sadness, as it seemed as if the orb of 
day had disappeared never to return. But the coming 
morning brought it back again in resplendent glory and 
beauty, giving life and vitality to a slumbering world. So, 
may we not hope that in the bright morn of the resurrec- 
tion we shall as^ain meet our friend and brother? 



96 Life and Character 0/ Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Depew. of New York 

Mr. President: A commanding figure and positive force 
has passed out of our public life. It is difficult to estimate 
the qualities of leadership, but the facts remain. Neither 
the progress of civilization nor the development of the edu- 
cation and independence of the individual has minimized 
the power of a commanding intelligence. On the contrary-, 
organization keeps pace with progress. The indixidual is 
not submerged in the mass nor left helpless as the slave of 
a tyrant nor food for powder, as in ruder times, but he looks 
to and loves to follow a leader for the accompli.'^hment of 
purpo.ses which will benefit both the ma.ss and its units. 
"All for one" was the motto of the past. "All for one 
and one for all " is the maxim «>f the presenl. N'aiX)leon 
brushed aside the charge that he was the butcher of his 
age by sa\ing, " I only killed a million, mostly Gennans." 
He did not reckon the countle.ss millions who died of star- 
vation and disease as a result of his wars and devastating 
marches. He did not reckon the suffering and ruin which 
required a century to repair. 

The requisites for leadership are different in every age. 
Neither Cie.sar nor NaiK)leon would have any place in our 
countrv' or uniler our coiulitious. The ])roblems wliich 
produced W;Lshington, and afterwards the great trinitv- t)f 
Webster, Clay, and Calhoun, and .still later Lincoln and 
("iranl, are not ours. The\ led iheir forces into battles for 



Address of Mr. DtpczVy of Nczv York 97 

the bases upon which government should be constructed 
and institutions founded. Our age is dominated by com- 
mercialism. Like all phrases which concentrate in a word 
the description of conditions, this one has been subject to 
abuse, misunderstanding, and misrepresentation. For thirty 
years, or since the adjustments which followed the civil 
war, the United States has been a workshop. Its industries 
and their development have been as dependent upon politics 
and the triumph of political policies as was the existence 
of the Go\-ernment of the United States as a great central 
power, or its division into sovereign States before the civil 
war. Each part)- promises success to commercialism b\- 
pleading that its ideas crystallized into legislation will 
bring larger and more remunerative employment to labor 
and capital, form more new enterprises, lead to larger 
de\-elopment of resources, and produce more beneficent 
results to the people. 

These questions are not new, but they have always been 
subordinated to others which related to the safety or the 
character of our institutions. Now they are dominant and 
have produced a new t%-pe of leadership. In the front rank 
stood our departed friend. He was the product as well as 
the organizer and commander of the forces of commer- 
cialism. His origin and growth were those of every boy 
who.se alma mater is the public school. It equipped him 
for a clerkship in a store, which is the lot of millions who 
graduate even.- year. What happens afterwards, wdiat 
career is found and followed to higher and better conditions, 
depends entirely upon the character, ambition, and efforts of 
the boy. The restless and resistless vigor of this far.seeing 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 7 



98 Life and Character of Marais A. Haiiiia 

youth could not be kept behind the ccnnitcr nor confined to 
the coiintinoTooni. When to the culture of the common 
school had been added business training, he saw that to 
ad\ance quickly he must open a new avenue of trade. 
Like many another of our most successful citizens, he foimd 
it in solvinjj a local problem of transportation. It was ea.sy 
for him to persuade capital to trust him. It was one of the 
few cases where capital, confiding in the promoter, escaped 
loss and made large profits. 

To bring the iron ore of the Northwest from the mines 
across the Lakes cheaply to the furnaces in Ohio was simple 
enotigh, V)nl, like the great feat of Columbus, which has 
been repeated down the ages, of making the ^g^ stand on 
end, was his solution of the greater problem. This next 
step was natural to such an original and creative mind. 
Coal and iron must be brought together at the furnaces by 
the elimination of the countless charges of middlemen. He 
became an ironmaster, with his own lines on Lake Sui>erior, 
his own transportation across the Great Lakes, his own coal 
fields connected with smelting works and mill.s. The min- 
erals in which he dealt underlie the whole American conti- 
nent. Tliey can not be corralled or controlled as is possible 
with oilier jjroducts of nature w liicli are only to be foinid in 
limiled territories. Me was therefore compelled to fight his 
wav in the field of hot competition against the ablest and 
most successful of business men. The results of this strug- 
gle are preeminently the survival of the fittest. Statisticians 
who have studied the (juestion prove that in New York 
City, where energy, talent, and capital come from all jiarts 
of tile country and have larger opportunities than can be 



Address of Mr. Depcu\ of Nczv York 99 

found at home, only one in 200 succeed. The other 199 
fail and are submerged. In the open country' the disasters 
are not so dreadful, but the great successes are equally rare. 

It was not long before ^Ir. Hanna was confronted with 
the labor problem. Labor organizations were little known 
and had no combined existence at that time. The aspira- 
tions of labor, seeking a fair share of the production in 
which it was such an essential part, led to sporadic revolts, 
which were almost invariably defeated. This born fighter, 
with undaunted courage and a physical power controlling, 
in a measure, an aggressive mind, followed the methods in 
A'ogue in the early period of his career. One of the char- 
acteristics which made the varied success of the Senator 
was his open-mindedness. He saw earlier than any of the 
other great employers that labor had rights, and that it was 
to the interest of the capitalist both to grant justice to 
labor and to win its confidence. He abandoned hostilities 
for the much more difficult path of conciliation and arbi- 
tration. Ten thousand employees of his, who when he 
died mourned the loss of one who stood to them as a father 
and a friend, testified to the wisdom and success of his 
policy. 

A life of strenuous business .struggling, of reaching out 
for new fields to conquer, of education by absorption in the 
questions affecting industrial safety and development, of 
contact with and increasing knowledge of human nature in 
ever\' walk and work continued until Mr. Hann.'\ was in 
his sixtieth year. This was the education, preparation, and 
equipment which from the obscurit\- of business brought 
into the light of publicity and command, almost in a da\', 



lOO Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

Hanna the party organizer, the part>- leader, the President 
maker, the Senator, and the statesman. 

In his early business life, still very yoinig to have climbed 
so high, and while fighting labor, he had on trial a score or 
more of his striking employees. A young enthusiast, whose 
heart controlled his mind, who possessed an almost feminine 
emotional and sentimental nature, was defending them. 
The argument of McKinley evidently opened the mind of 
Hanna to new ideas upon the relations of capital and labor. 
The ad\'ocate and worker immediately became fast friends. 
Comparatively late in life came to him the belief that 
nothing is so imperati\el\ necessar>- to the business man 
as politics. Costly experience had taught him that the 
successful outcome of his shops, furnaces, and mines was 
dependent upon the industrial policies of the (Government. 
He had the easy confidence of the nuui triumphant in his 
ventures, that he could forecast and meet trade conditions. 
But the factor of legislation was beyond his power of calcu- 
lation. He finally was con\inced that the accunmlations of 
a lifetime of hard work and the material future of him.self 
and family depended upon the economic and financial meas- 
ures of Presidents and Congresses. Without an\ ihouglu 
of obtaining or holding office for himself, he began to build 
the bulwarks which he thought nece.s.s;iry about the pu)- 
tecled industries of the country. With an audacity and 
confidence iMirn of his triumphs in trade he .set about to 
capture the Presidency for his faith. McKinley's illumi- 
nating .speeches on the tariff cnviiKxd Hanna tluu in ilie 
Major he had found the man for his purix)se. 

There were nian\ nun in the party of longer .service, 



Address of Mr. Depeu\ of New York loi 

larger following, and greater reputation. But Hanna 
brought to bear to w'xw the favor of the people the methods 
of his business. He knew the virtue of publicity and pro- 
motion. He planned a speaking canvass for his candidate 
which covered e\'ery State, because he believed in the mag- 
netic personalit\- and persuasive eloquence of his friend. 
When, after many months, ^Ir. McKinley returned, the 
Senator said to him, " I thought }-ou would be dead;" and 
]McKinle\' replied, " From the itinerary you gave me I 
thought vour purpose was to kill me." The tour and the 
literature which went out unceasingly from Hanna's press 
bureau captured the convention before it met and side- 
tracked ever\- other candidate. The unknown ironmaster 
of Cleveland had beaten the veteran politicians and nomi- 
nated his friend. Now came a new test of his abilit\-, 
because the successful candidate placed in his hands the 
conduct of the campaign. To publicity and promotion he 
added education. At hardly any period in our liistor}- had 
the country suffered under such severe financial and indus- 
trial depression. At such times, as in periods of epidemic, 
public anxiet}- and frenzy seize upon novel remedies. 

The sil\-er panacea, however, was not new. It had 
secured much favorable legislation from both parties and 
was tindoubtedh' favored in the minds of a large majoritv 
of our people. McKink)- himself was not free from advo- 
cacy of and belief in sih'er theories. Unexpectedlv the 
currency question overshadowed that of the tariff. No such 
campaign was ever conducted before, and it would be diffi- 
cult to repeat it. It required millions of money for its suc- 
cessful prosecution. Colporteurs were on the country roads 



I02 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

in cverv county and State distributing the campaign litera- 
ture which Haxna was having printed by the ton. The 
schoolhouses resounded with the eloquence of thousands of 
orators, whose expenses must be met. The literar},- bureau 
furnished plate matter and contributions to the press, much 
of which had to be paid for as advertisements. The com- 
manding general alone knew the magnitude of the machin- 
er)- and the colossal character of the forces he had called 
into being. With the .same talent for administration and 
attention to details which had made his success in business, 
he knew the conditions in every State, county, and town- 
ship, in every division, regiment, company, and corporal's 
guard of his army better than the local commanders them- 
selves. 

The results of the election demonstrated the necessity for 
this tremendous effort, for McKinley's popular majority in 
the total of 13,923,102 was only 601,854. The busine.ss 
man, known as such only in the branch of the trade with 
which he was identified and unknown to the ]ieople in June. 
1895, was in November of the same >ear llie Warwick of 
American politics and the most powerful man in the I'nited 
States. 

The President wanted him to he a member of his Cabi- 
net, because of the intimacy of their relation; but H.VNNA, 
the business man, the representative of commerciali.sm in 
public affairs, knew tliat liis jiower would be sulwrdinate 
to ilial of the President as one of liis Secretaries, while 
in Congress his hand would K- in the fonnulation or 
defeat of tliose measures which lie conceived essential to 



Address of Mr. Dcpeu\ of New York 103 

the welfare, eniplo^inent, income, and happiness of tlie 
American people. 

Quite as suddenly as he grew to be supreme in political 
management the Senator became an orator. He had been 
accustomed in the boards of directors of mauA" corporations, 
where the conferences were more in the nature of con.sulta- 
tioils than arguments, to influence his associates b\- the 
lucidity with which from a full mind he could explain 
situations and .suggest policies or remedies. He did not 
dare, however, except on rare occasions, to trust himself 
upon his feet. We, his associates, can never forget the day 
when a might}- passion loosed his tongue and introduced 
into the debates of this body an original and powerful 
speaker. It was June, 1900. The Presidential campaign 
for the .second nomination and canvass of President ]\IcKin- 
ley was about to open. Senator Pettigrew, an active and 
persistent laborer in the ranks of the opposition, was seek- 
ing material in every direction which would benefit his 
side. Without notice he suddenly assailed vSenator Hanx.a. 
in his tenderest point. He attacked his honesty, truthful- 
ness, and general character. He accused him of briber\-, 
perjury, and false dealing. Hanna's reply was not a 
speech, but an explosion. It was a gigantic effort, in his 
almost uncontrollable rage, to keep expression within the 
limits of Senatorial propriety. He shouted in passionate 
protest : 

Mr. President, the gentleman will find that he is mistaken in the 
people of the United States when he attempts, through mud slinging and 
accusations, to influence their decision when the)- are called upon at the 
polls next November to decide upon the principles that are at issue and 



104 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauua 

not the men. Wlien it comes to personality, I will stand up against him 
and compare my character to his. I will let him tell what he knows; 
then I will tell what I know about him. 

The newborn orator carried hi.s threat into execution 
by a dramatic and picturesque speaking tour through 
South Dakota, in which, without mentioning Mr. Petti- 
grew or referring to him in any way, he took away his 
constituents by convincing them that the doctrines of 
their Senator were inimical to their interests and pros- 
perity. The Titanic jiowcr the Dakota Senator had 
evoked was his political ruin. 

From that time Senator H.\NX.\ participated inflnenti- 
ally in debate»> upon those industrial questions which he 
so thoroughly understood and which were near his heart. 
The Initid Slates had been committed for thirty years 
to an isthmian canal by the Nicaragua route. It came 
to be considered as "the .\merican line." The resolution 
in its favor had passed the House unanimously. Senator 
H.\NN.\ gave to the study of the question, which was 
purel\- a business one, a mind long trained in construction 
and contracts. He came to the conclusion that we sliould 
build on the Panama route. There liave been many 
speeches in this Senate more eloquent, more .scholarly, 
more profound, and more erudite than the one tlelivered 
b\- Senator H.vxna in fa\(ir of the .selection of the 
Panama route; but when lliis man of business and affairs, 
of sujjreme intelligence in the creation and prosecution 
of business ami enlerpri.ses, this constructive organizer in 
trade, wlm had found his talent for explanation, instruc- 
tion, and argiunent, s;U down, he had accomplished that 
rarest of triumphs, the command of a listening Senate. 



Address of Mr. Dcpczi\ of Nctv York 105 

Perhaps in the final reckoning of his place and achieve- 
ments, his work in the Civic Federation will stand foremost. 
At first capital and labor both distrnsted him. They thought 
there was a hidden political motive or personal ambition at 
the base of the movement. Capitalists who were unfriendly 
to labor and labor agitators whose profits depend upon 
trouble united in fighting Haxx.\ as the>- often had done 
in fighting peace, but the geiuiine, patriotic, and broad- 
minded labor leaders soon became his ardent friends, while 
the distrust of capital was slowly disappearing. When he 
died the people recognized that his un.selfish object and aim 
was to close his career by creating such relations between 
these tremendous forces that both would be benefited and 
the industrial interests of the country placed upon a safe 
and peaceful basis. 

One of the most interesting phases of the life of Senator 
H.\xx.\ was his friendship with President McKinleN". The 
men were wholh- unlike; they had nothing in common. 
Haxx.\ was a fighter, and he loved and li\ed in the storms 
of battle. iMcKinle}- was a diplomat, who.se tact amounted 
to genius for the peaceful settlement of controversies and 
conversion of enemies. H.-\.xx.\ had the rare faculty of fore- 
casting events and taking advantage of them which easily 
accumulates millions and the rarer common sense which 
keeps the fortune. McKinley in a large and comprehensive 
way could formulate and popularize policies which promoted 
prosperity and increased national and individual wealth, 
but the art of making money was for him an insoluble 
nnstery, and he could not master the intricacies and details 
of business. 



io6 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauiia 

There is only one parallel instance in our history, and 
that is the relation between William H. Seward and Thur- 
low Weed. As Haxxa believed that his economic and 
financial views were essential to the present and future 
happiness of the country, so Weed thought that the destruc- 
tion of sla\ery was necessary to the preser\ation of the 
Union. As H.\XN.\ felt that he must have in the Presi- 
dency the ablest advocate of his theories, so did Weed 
believe that the most brilliant and profound orator again.st 
slavery should be kept in public life, and ultimately pro- 
moted to the Chief Magistracy. Thurlow Weed was one 
of the ablest and most expert of political managers. For 
thirtv years he ruled his party in the State of New York, 
and .subordinated all his power, skill, craft, and diplomacy 
to advance the political fortunes and keep in the Senate 
and at the front Governor Seward. Mr. Seward was devoid 
of the talent which controls caucuses and manages conven- 
tions, and so was McKinley. Weed, after twenty years, had 
the Presidency almost within the grasp of his candidate, 
and lost it by an accident. In less than a year Hann.\ liad 
succeeded. Mr. Seward possessed an intelligence of won- 
derful in.sight and ])hil()St>]>hical grasj) of moral issues with 
the faculty of inspiring beliefs anil inducing efforts to bring 
about the events he forecasted. 

McKinley's talent was upon tin- practical plane of the 
que.stions of our day which affect more nearly employment, 
wages, and homes. Hetween the practical politician of New 
York and her greatest .statesman there never existed much 
personal intimacy and confidences. The politician looked 



Address of Mr. Depeu\ of New York 107 

Tipon the statesman with awe and admiration, and the states- 
man wondered at the talent, and the results it accomplished, 
of the politician. But late one night during the Spanish 
war, when all was anxiety, I went to the White House with 
j\Ir. Hanna. The optimistic radiance which alwa^•s char- 
acterized the President had given place to worr)- and gloom ; 
but when he turned to his visitor and caressingly placed his 
hands upon ]Mr. Hanna's shoulder his countenance assumed 
all its old-time happiness and confidence, and he uttered, 
with a depth of feeling and affection which no words can 
describe, the word " ]\Iark." Everyone was impressed with 
the fact that two souls with kindred thoughts were linked 
in a love which "passeth all understanding." 

The career of a leader who does not at all hazards and at 
any risk of loss stand b}' his friends is a short one. The 
same is true of a leader who having defeated his enemies 
seeks to cru.sh them. The accumulated forces of nian\- 
vendettas will ultimateh' destroy him. H.\xx.\ would go 
to the death for his friend, and he inspired such loyalty and 
love that his followers would die for him. He often at- 
tached to himself a defeated eneiu}- by a grateful and unex- 
pected favor. 

A schoolmate of ]\Ir. H.^NX.\, himself now a creator and 
manager of great enterprises and known e\-erywhere, told 
me that the boys of the public school got in trouble with a 
street peddler and were in danger of being seriously injured 
when Mark H.\nx.\ came in sight. It was not his quarrel, 
but it was enough for him that his friends were in peril, 
and he rushed into the fi$jht witli such savage fur\- that the 



io8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

lads were encouraged, the tide of battle turned, and the 
burly bully put to flight. The act of the boy was the life- 
long conduct of the man. 

" How soon we are forgotten " was the pathetic utterance 
of the returning Rip \'an Winkle after twenty years of ab- 
sence from his village. Time soon obliterates the foot- 
prints of public as well as of private characters; l)ut occa- 
sionally a rare personalit\- becomes immortal hy capturing 
the public imagination and winning the people's heart, but 
such a man must ha\e been long before them and with 
them fighting their battles. H.\XN.\ is the exception. 
Eight years from the .time of his entrance upon the public 
stage he died. Millions waited anxiously upon the hourlv 
bulletins of his health. Millions mourned silently when he 
was no more. The President and Cabinet, ambassadors, 
judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, Congressmen, and 
cajHains of indu.stry were at his funeral, but the sincerest 
tributes to his wortli, his patriotism, and the beneficent 
work of his life were the thousands of working men and 
women who stood for hours in the deep snow and wintry- 
blasts with bared heads and tear-stained cheeks while their 
best friend was carried to his last resting place. 



Address of Mr. Beveridge^ of Indiaim 109 



Address of Mr. Beveridge. of Indiana 

Mr. President: Since to all earthly work an end must 
come, our words of farewell to a fellow-workman should 
not alone be those of grief that man's common lot has 
come to him, but of pride and joy that his task has been 
done worthil)-. Powerful men so weave themselves into 
their hour that, for the moment, it all but seems the world 
will stop when they depart. Yet it does not stop or 
even pause. Undisturbed, Time still wings his endless and 
unwearied flight; and the progress of the race goes on and 
up toward the light, realizing at ever>- step more and more 
of the true, the beautiful, and the good. 

So it is not important that any of us should long remain; 
the Master Builder lacks not craftsmen to take our place. 
But it is important to the uttermost that while we are here 
we should do our dut)- to the full perfection of our powers, 
fearlessly and faithfulh-, with clean hands, and hearts ever 
full of kindness, forbearance, charity. 

These are the outline thoughts that the absence of our 
friend compels. With his whole strength he did his work 
from boyhood to the place of rest. He was no miser of his 
life — he poured it into discharge uf duty, keeping with 
Nature no account of heart beats. 

The things he did were real things. He was the \-en- 
spirit of the practical. Yet the practical did not kill or 



no Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

even impair the human in him. He never lost the gift of 
lovableness. His sense of human touch and fellowship 
was not dulled, but made more delicate by Time and the 
World. The years made him wiser, but they made him 
mellower, too. 

And so he won the people's affection as well as their 
applause. And affection is worth more than applause. 
There is no greater glory than thi.s — to make a nation your 
friend. Senator H.\nn.\ did that. For when the angel of 
peace, which men call Death, took our brother to his well- 
earned rest the people knew that a friend had left them. 
And the people were sad that he had gone away. 

This human quality in him made all he did a living 
thing, all he said a living word. He was the man of 
affairs in statesman.ship; yet his personality gave to propo- 
sitions of mere national business something of the warmlh 
and vitality of principles. He was the personification of 
our commercial age — the age of building, planting, reaping; 
of ships on ocean and on land steel highways and the roll- 
ing wheels of trade; of that movement of the times which 
knits together with .something more than verbal ties all 
the children of men, weaves tangible civilization around the 
globe and will, in time, make of all peoples neighbors, 
brothers, friends. 

Thus he \\a-<, iniwittingly no doubt, one of the agents of 
fiod's great purpo.se of the unification of the race. We are 
all such agents, small or great. If this is not so — if we are 
not, ignorantly i>cThai)s and blindly but still surely, spin- 
ning our lives intn the Master's design, whose jiattern 
He alone can comprehend — if we and all things are n»)t 



AddiTSS of Mr. Bcvcridgc^ of Indiana iii 

working together for good — if life is but a breath exhaled 
and then forever lost, our work means less and is worth 
less than that of coral insects, which, from the depths, build 
ever toward the light until islands stand above the waves, 
permanent monuments of an intelligent architecture. 

Work with real things — real earth, real ocean, real 
mountains, real men — made him conser\'ative. And his 
conservatism was real. Much that is accepted as conserva- 
tism is spurious, mere make-believe. Consen.-atism does 
not mean doubt or indecision. It does not mean wise 
looks, masking vacuity, nor jDompous phrase, as meaning- 
less as it is solemn. Conser\'atism means clear common 
sense, which equally rejects the fanaticism of precedent and 
the fanaticism of change. It would not have midnight 
last just becatise it exists; and yet it knows that dawn 
comes not in a flash, but gradually — comes with a grand 
and beautiful moderation. So the conservative is the real 
statesman. He brings things to pass in a way that lasts 
and does good. Senator Hanna was a conservati\-e. 

Working with real things among real men also kept 
fresh his faith and hope. No .sailer of the seas, no delver 
in the earth, no builder of rooftree can be a pessimist. 
He who plants doubts not our common mother's generos- 
ity.', or fails to see in the brown furrow the certainty of 
coming har\-e.sts. He who sinks a well and witnesses the 
waters rise understands that the eternal fountains will 
never cea.se to flow. ( )nh' the man whose hands never 
touch the realities of life despairs of human progress or 
doubts the providence of God. The fable of Antaeus is lit- 
eral truth for body, mind, and .soul. .\nd so. Senator 



1 1 2 Life and Character of Marais A. Hanna 

Hanna dealing with living men and the actnalities of 
existence had all the virile hope of youth, all the unques- 
tioning faith of prophecy. These are the qualities of the 
effective leadership of men. 

He is gone from us — ^gone before us. Strength and 
frailty, kindness and wrath, wisdom and folh , laughter 
and frown, all the elements of life and his living of it have 
ceased their visible play and action. "WTiere," said de- 
spairing \'illon, "where are the snows of yestervear?" 
\'anished, he would have us believe. Yes, but \anished 
only in form. "The snows of yestervear" are in the 
stream, in cloud and rain, in sap of tree and bloom of 
flower, in heart and brain of talent and of beauty. Noth- 
ing is lost even here on our ancient and kindly earth. So 
the energies of our friend, and those of all men, have 
touched into activity forces that, influencing still others, 
will move on fore\-er. 

As to the other life, we know not fully what it is; but 
that it is, we know. Knowing this, wc who arc left 
behind go on about our daily tasks, assured that in another 
and tnier existence our friend is now established, weakness 
ca-st aside as a cloak when Winter has pas.sed, visit>n clear 
as when at dawn we wake from dreams, heart hapjn as 
when, the victorv won, we cease from effort and from care. 
For him the night is done, and it is written that "joy 
cometh in the morning." 



Address of Mr. DoUiver, of line a ii; 



Address of Mr. Dolliver. of Iowa 

Mr. President: I would ntjt at this hour be disposed to 
add anything to the tributes which have been paid here 
to-day to the memory of the late Senator Haxna were it 
not for the fact that I have felt since he went awa\- from us 
how much I owe to his kindness and friendly interest in 
me; and so I venture to speak a few words out of the 
gratitude of my heart. 

The epoch which brought him into the arena of Ameri- 
can public life, though only a few years have j^assed, has 
been stricken in a strange way. The central figure of that 
epoch, President ]\IcKinle)', is gone; Go\'ernor Dingle\', 
famous and useful in the chairmanship of the Wa\s and 
IMeans Committee of the House of Representatives, is no 
more; Thomas B. Reed, that wonderful parliamentary hand 
which brought in the new order of things in rej^rcsentative 
government in the United States, is seen no long-er amono- 
us; and here we are to-da}- paying our last tribute to one 
who in an important .sense mastered more perfecth' than 
any of these the great situation in which each pla^■ed so 
conspicuous a part. 

I have been impressed by the general recognition which 

has been given in these memorial exercises to the business 

man in American public life. It is true, in a sense more 

important than we ha\-e understood, tliat an age like this 

S. Doc. 321, 58-2 8 



114 ^^fi ^"^ Character of Manns A. Ha una 

naturally calls into the public service the men who have 
given leadership to its great industrial and connnercial 
affairs. 

I have sometimes pondered over suggestions in the pub- 
lic press that the Congress of the United States is being 
invaded by millionaires and niLii of wealth. I have never 
had any anxiety about that. I regard it as a true sign of 
our jx)litical health that in times like these men of great 
business affairs have their ambition stirred to take part in 
the administration of the Government of the I'nited States. 

I remember when I first came to this Capitol watching 
the industry and activity' and marking the influence in 
this body of such men as Senator Sawyer, of Wisconsin; 
Senator Stockbridge, of Michigan; Senator Stanford and 
Senator Hearst, of California, and sometimes wondering 
whether their presence here portended a healthful tendency 
in our public life. I couiil it now as the finest evidence 
of the adaptability t)f our institutions to uur new connner- 
cial and industrial situation tliat the influence of money 
has not been alile tt) keep out of American public life men 
succe.s.sful in business affairs in all the departments of 
connnerce and of industry. If mone\ were everything, if 
men could b\ i)iling uj) riches s;itisfy all their ambititins, 
and content them.selves 1)\ the mere fame of luing ricli, 
there would be no limit to the carnixal of avarice and 
greed in the world. 

The education which Senalur H.\nna had as a man of 
affairs was the e.xact ([ualification needed for usefulness in 
the Congress of llie liiiied States. It always .seemed to 
me a curious tiling, at least, that his first entrauci- into tlie 



Address of Mr. DoUiver, of Tozva 115 

public arena should have been after the age of 60 years; 
and in meditating upon that it has appeared to me that the 
secret of it lies in the fact that the education of the man, 
his real preparation for a work like this, was the spirit in 
which he approached even the humble tasks which engaged 
his attention throughout his life. It was a part of the 
quality of the intellect of Senator Hanna that he was able 
to idealize the occupations of his previous career, and in 
reality he brought into this Chamber a special and peculiar 
training for the questions with which the Government of 
the United States has to deal. 

. I have never wondered, as so man)- have, that he suddenly 
developed into a great orator. In studying the peculiarities 
of Senator Hanxa — and I confess that I was interested in 
them from the ver\- beginning of my acquaintance with 
him — it appeared to me that his case showed that the 
human mind is so organized that au}- man who has a true 
thing to say is not holden in the faculty of saying it. There 
is a mode of eloquence, fortunately now nearly obsolete, 
which needs neither clear thinking nor even any thinking 
at all to make itself fairly acceptable; but the man who 
understands, who has explored his subject in all its hidden 
parts, who opens his mouth with the authoritv of actual 
knowledge, such a man has nothing to fear in a debate in a 
place like this. 

I was present in 1900 at the stock yards in Chicago when 
I had a glimpse of the colossal personality of this man which 
made a very profound impression on \\\\ uiiiid. We took 
him down there to speak to the working people of Chicago 
and, curiously enough — a very strange anomah- luider 



1 16 Life and Character o/AIarciis A. Ha una 

institutions like ours — a large part of the audience had 
assembled there not to listen to him, but to prevent him 
from speaking; and with noise, riot, tumult, disturbance, 
and breach of peace, in a measure almost unimaginable in a 
country like ours, that surging multitude for one hour and 
thirt\- minutes fought an unequal battle \\ ith the genius of 
a single man; and at lo o'clock the audience calmed, con- 
trolled, fascinated, he began one of the most remarkable 
political speeches it was ever my good fortune to hear. 

So I was not surprised in this Chamber when he came 
here dealing with questions about which he knew more 
than anybody else — questions like the revival of the mer- 
chant marine; questions like the Panama Canal — that he 
was able to stand on this floor and in simple, plain, direct 
speech discuss them with a skill that was hardly less, if 
at all less, than the most effective debating power we have 
had in the pul)lic life of tin.- I'liited States. 

There is another thing which I ]ia\e thought a good deal 
about in reflecting upon Senator H.\nn.\'.s career, and that 
was that contact with practical affairs enabled him to see 
not only the imix)rtance but the difficulty of the greatest 
problem that now presses uix)n our Government and upon 
all tile go\truuieuls of the world. 

llr luid kui)wn for a goitd many years tiial if .\mcrican 
society is to go on, if civilization it.self is not to halt in its 
progress, some solution nnisl be found of the disputes 
rapidly .settling into a slate t)f fi.xed and iK'rmanent hostility 
between the men and women who work for their living and 
the men who employ them. He had more knowledge of 
til. It c|uc-stion than aiis' of us, because he had touclied it 



Address of Mr. Dollivcr^ of Iowa n" 

from a greater variety of standpoints, so that he brought to 
the labor question a wealth of experience and of personal 
interest that enabled him easily, and without interfering 
with his public duties here, to become the leader of a far- 
reaching- movement to bring about an understanding and 
treaty of pennanent peace between the contending indus- 
trial forces. The thing about his philosophy of more im- 
portance than anything else was the fact that he recognized 
that this peace will not be brought about by legislation, 
will not be brought about by the devices of human gov- 
ernment, but that underlying this problem, and nearly all 
the other problems of society, is the individuality of the 
men who emplo}' labor and the individuality of the unnum- 
bered millions who do the work of this world. 

So this man in his old age rose to a level higher than 
mere statesmanship. He got a prophetic insight, which he 
had almost alone among our public men, that the labor 
question is a larger question than mere legislation; that its 
final solution depends upon principles which underlie the 
moral structure of society, and are more intricate than all 
the machinery of the Government; that if the problem ever 
finds a solution, it will be through the practical application 
to the daily life of the world of those Divine precepts which 
are the chief inheritance of these Christian centuries. To 
my mind the best contribution to present-da)- thinking upon 
the labor problem was that higher vision which Senator 
Hanna in his old age received, when he declared, in the 
last public utterance he ever made, that the rights of labor 
and the rights of capital will find their pern-ianent adjust- 
ment in that fundamental truth of the gospel through which 



ii8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

the law of the luiman brotherhood, and with it the perfect 
code of social justice, is revealed. 

In studyinof the life of Senator Hanna I was impressed 
b\- the imnifediate \ictory which the man's character won 
over his enemies when the people of the United States ■ 
once got a fair look at him. In the quiet of the national 
committee headquarters everj'body loved him. In two 
campaigns I remember in going there how ever^-one, from 
thb elevator boy to the Senator's associates on the commit- 
tee, referred to him in familiar terms as "The Old Man." 
The "old man" he was to them, and "the boys" they were 
to him. No slander could touch him in the society of 
tho.sc who knew him. Hut the American public is large — 
80,000,000 of people — bombarded day b\' day with news- 
papers and pictures and the smooth inventions of jwlitical 
malice, and at the end of the campaign Senator Ha.\n.\ 
was the most misunderstood man in American public life. 

He came into this Chamber. He met the representatives 
of public opinion, including the members of the press gal- 
lery yonder — just men, able, and willing to measure a man 
by a fair standard — and within a year that cloud of calumny 
had rolled away. Everybody who .saw him recognized at 
once that he wa.s an authentic man; everybody who had 
business with him saw lliat he was a man of good heart 
and humane impulses; and when men came ti> know his 
intellectual grasp he passed from the categor\- of suspicious 
public characters to the list of honored and trusted state.s- 
men in the .service of his countr\-. Such was the victory of 
the man's character over the crusade of scandal and dispar- 
agement to which he had Ix'en .so strangeK subjectetl as he 



Address of Mr. DoUivcr^ of hnva 119 

undertook to manage honorabh- and square!}' the fortunes 
of a great political party. 

The thing about him, however, which comes nearest to 
me, and, I think, nearest to ever\-body who listens to me 
here, is the fact that he had those qualities in him which 
excite, not alone admiration, not alone approval, but love 
and confidence in the deepest and truest sense. He had no 
artificial suavitv of manner in his approach to the public, 
but he had what is vastly more serviceable even in the 
cheaper relations of political life, he had by nature a benevo- 
lent outlook on the world and a cordial sentiment for ever\' 
man, however humble, who was brought into contact with 
him. His love for McKinley was only a part of his lo\- 
ing relations with the world in which he lived. Nobod}- 
ever saw him in this chamber without feeling the influence 
of his cheerful disposition and of his helpful attitude 
toward everybod)' here. 

The words which have been spoken with such eloquence 
by Senators on the other side of this Chamber not only show 
the kindliness which underlies our politics, whatever may 
be our differences, but inteq^ret in a beautiful and sugges- 
tive way the surrender of all opposition to this gentle and 
benignant character. I recall the day I .saw him after the 
funeral of poor ]\IcKinley. The procession had gone awa}', 
the pomp and ceremony of the hour had passed, and toward 
night I happened to be standing near the cemeter}- gate, and 
there, alone, in the rain, leaning on a crutch, careless of his 
surroundings, tears falling upon his care-worn face, J .saw 
this good and great man. I did not \-enture to speak to 
him, but as I turned away I .said to mv.self. as I thought of 



I20 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiua 

William McKinley's political fortune, of the splendor of his 
career, of the f^me which had increased )ear by year as he 
rose from the obscurity of a conntr\- law office until at last 
he stood npon the highest civic eminence known amonor 
men, that in all future generations, as his countrAmen make 
their pilgrimage to look with re\erenl emotion npon the 
grave of the martyred President, there will be few among 
them who will not think also of the man whose fame is 
joined with his, of the friend whose heart was broken in the 
traged)- of the national sorrow, of the reunion on unseen 
shores, where all the mysteries of life and death are made 
plain at last. 



Address of Mr. Kearns^ of Utah 121 



Address of Mr. Kearns. of Utah 

Mr. President: I count it a special privilege to partici- 
pate in these exercises to-day, which commemorate the life 
and character of that great American, that loyal friend and 
matchless leader, ^Marcus A. Hanxa. Together with the 
thousands who knew him, I hold in grateful remembrance 
the share I had of that great heart, whose every pulsation 
was of kindness and love. 

His life is the ideal for which the youth of our country 
should stri\-e. In his intercourse with men he was all that 
stands for sterling manhood, and he surrounded his home 
with a halo of purity and love. 

By his own endeavors he became a captain of industry 
and the foremost statesman of his time. Cruelly carica- 
tured as the enemy of labor, vilified and misunderstood, he 
lived at last to hear the cheers of labor hailing him as its 
champion, and to realize he had won the confidence of the 
whole people. He discouraged the efforts of his friends to 
elevate him to the highest office in the gift of the people, 
and said he preferred to spend the remaining },ears of his 
life in the consummation of a better understanding between 
capital and labor. Here, indeed, is an e.xample of devotion 
to the cause of mankind that had no other consideration 
than that which comes from a consciousness of welldoing, 
a heritage of which any man ma\- well be ])roud. 



122 Life and Character of Marcus A. I fauna 

Mr. IIaxxa was modest and unassuming, yet possessed 
of that neiA-ous energy that begets success. He lo\ed his 
friends and was ever willing to labor for them. Their 
success was his keenest pleasure, and with them he felt the 
sting of defeat. And, Mr. President, it was this godlike 
trail tliat rallied the legions to his cause. 

TliL- Middle West had heard of Mr. H.\NN.\ prior to 
1896, and when the Republican convention of that year 
met at St. Louis I .sought him out that I might know him 
better. The impression he made was that of a born leader 
of men^kindly, forceful, honest, and just. His frankness 
inspired confidence, his ability commanded respect, and his 
lovable nature won all who knew him as a friend. 

In the memorable canijiaign of 1896 he demonstrated a 
new kind of politics. Him.self a su_ccessful busine.ss man, 
he contended that business methods could be applied with 
equal success to politics. The organizati<in of the Repub- 
lican i)art\ of tliat year was a marvel of completeness. He 
was a master of detail, and no point, however obscure, was 
neglected in the consideration of a ])roposition. 

Mr. H.\NN.\'.s .service in the Senate is one t)f the bright- 
est pages in his career. Here we fonnil him a careftil and 
conservative legislator, broad in his \iews, and kind and 
considerate of others. He enjoyed the confidence of his 
colleagues, and the whole people came to regard him as a 
statesman of the highest integril\, and one in who.se judg- 
ment every reliance could Ik- placet!. 

Unl, Mr. President, howe\er great Mi. 11\nn,\ was as a 
public ser\anl, it was ecli]ised in his domestic life. Here, 
indeed, we find the genial host, the loxalile liusband ami 



Address of Air. Kearns^ of Utah 123 

father, traits that shine brighth- in the crown his friends 
have made for him. 

And when, Mr. President, all else of him has been for- 
gotten, the evergreen of his career will be the love he bore 
his fellow-man. Like Abou ben iVdhem, his name leads 
all the rest. 



1 24 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 

Mr. President axu Senators: Every friend of Sena- 
tor Hanna, and they were legion, will thank yon for yonr 
tributes of respect and yonr words of affection. This jjrati- 
tnde may never find outward expression, but in their behalf, 
and especially for Ohio — that grand old State to which he 
was devoted, which in turn was devoted to him — I grate- 
fulh- thank you. This assumed duty will be pardoned, I 
am sure, \vhen it is realized or remembered that to mc this 
man was like an older brother. 

MARcrs A. Hanna, born September 24, 1S37, in New- 
Lisbon, Columbiana CouiU\ , < )liio, died in Washinfjton, 
February 15, 1904, in the discharge of his duties as Senator 
from his native State. It was not his fortune to be born 
in poverty, nor did affluence in early years hinder his growth 
and de\'elopment. He belonged to the great middle class 
of fairly well-to-do Americans, who are richest perhaps in 
their descent from long lines of sturd\, intelligent, (iod- 
f earing ancestors. 

If, as has been said, God sifted the whole world to find 
men worthy the high calling of founding a new nation, as 
trnh' may it be said that all the original States of tlie Fed- 
eral I'liion contri))Ute(i to the making of Ohio, liie first 
.State of tile nineteenth century, the first new State furmetl 
out of national territory. Here converge<l nearly all tlu- 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 125 

early lines of continental travel. Here came the Puritan 
and the Cavalier, the Scotch-Irish, and those of pure Teu- 
tonic and Gallic blood ; Lutheran, Presbyterian, Catholic, 
and Quaker. Connecticut bounded the State on the north, 
and ]\Iassachusetts and New Jersey and \'irginia on the 
south. New York, Penns}lvania, and Virginia furnished 
generous contributions to her population. 

The abolition of slaver}- in the Northwest Territory drew 
to Ohio some of the best blood of the far South. All these 
coalesced to form a tyjje of stalwart, intensely patriotic 
Americans. Here the tide of western migration halted for 
a time. It is b}- no accident that Ohio has furnished so 
many distinguished sons to the galaxy of our national 
heroes. The cause is found in the circumstances of her 
birth and development, in the composite character of her 
earl)- settlers. 

Mr. Haxxa was a type of that mixture of elements so 
characteristic of his State. In his family is to be found 
Scotch-Irish, Cavalier and Puritan, Presbyterian and Quaker 
stock. His ancestors were pioneers. The}- were a4nong 
the more hard)- and \-enture.some spirits of the older .settle- 
ments who followed the frontier as it receded westward. 

The father was a countr}- physician, who left a good prac- 
tice in eastern Ohio and mo\-ed farther west, to Cle\-eland, 
then a town of fair promise, and engaged in merchandising 
because of the wider field it offered for achieving success. 
In his father's store the future Senator received his first 
training in business. The beginnings were small but pro.s- 
perous. He spent a \-ear in the Western Reserve College, 
with what benefit to himself he declared he never felt certain. 



126 . Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

though he doubtless builded more wiseh- thau he knew. 
He ser\-ed a brief enlistment in the Union annies. The 
\ears which ininiediateh- followed were years of commercial 
upbuilding and expansion. His training was in the prob- 
lems which confront the man of large affairs. He learned 
to seize the strategic points of business growth and success. 

Thus he spent nearly a lifetime in business and with 
scarcely a thought for other matters. B\- his hard common 
sense he won the confidence of his a.ssociates and was a 
leader among them. He had the tremendous personal 
force of an aggressive mentality. He was as stalwart in 
mind as he was in body. His strength lay largely in the 
directness of his methods. He was a masterful man, 
possessing at all times definite aims in life. He saw with 
a clear eye, and was able by force of intellect and character 
to make other men think as he did. He was a man who 
accomplished results, a leader who led. His business 
methods were conservatixx-. He was ne\'er a speculator, 
except as all business is a \enture. He was constnictive, 
but not a promoter. 

He developed great executive ability and built up great 
business enterprises wliicli survive him. He .selected his 
lieutenants, apportioned llic work, directed in a general 
way without burdening his mind witli details, and looked 
with confidence for results. He did not have the jjatience 
for infinite detail, but the greater jxjwer of conceiving and 
executing great undertakings. His success was the result 
of long years of preparation. He coniniandetl success 
becau.se he deserved it. (irowing wealth -developed in hiui 
the kindlier and more humane side. He gave freely and 



Address of Mr. Dick\ of Ohio 127 

cheerfully, but modestly aud without show. His charity 
was discriminating. His daily life was wholesome and 
clean, his pleasures were simple, his tastes natural. He 
was a most useful man to his community, but his mettle 
was yet untried. 

At an age when most successful men think of retiring to 
pass the remainder of their years in ease and quiet he 
stepped into a larger field of action which immediately 
brought him into public notice. His moti\-e for entering 
politics was as unusual as his success was remarkable. He 
sought not to advance himself, but to advance others. His 
friendship for Garfield led h.im to take an increasing inter- 
est in politics ; his love for McKinley absorbed his entire 
being. His devotion was unselfish and unwearying. The 
story of this mutual attachment is one of the idyls of 
American politics. With the same farseeing vision which 
marked his judgment in business affairs he predicted the 
elevation of his chosen leader. 

Politics became for a time the passion of his life. He 
laid his plans far in advance and organized his forces with 
consummate skill. The victory he won in the preconven- 
tion campaign of 1896 was .so complete that it obscured the 
magnitude of the struggle. Success was so overwhelming 
that one was tempted to forget there had been a struggle. 
No man who participated therein, however, could make that 
mistake. A political campaign followed which alarmed 
the country and made business interests anxious. More 
money was offered him for the purpo.se of waging the con- 
test than coiild be u.sed. The statement of his expendi- 
tures could safely have been disclosed to the whole world. 



1 28 Life and Character of ^ fa reus A. Haiiua 

He handled large sums in the conduct of two national cam- 
paigns, but spent it all for education and organization. He 
was willing to give much for these purposes, but not a 
dollar for corruption. He brought business methods into 
politics, the direct, simple business methods of an honest. 
God-fearing, American business man. 

If he married business to politics, it was because he 
brought to politics the same honest)', directness, and 
strai<rhtfor\vardness essential to business success. This 
comitry need never fear commercialism in politics as long 
as commercialism stands for Senator H.\n.\a's methods and 
practices. Business men had been in politics before, but 
the advent of this business man with his frank, open meth- 
ods came as a surprise and something of a .shock to many 
part)- workers. He was a captain of industr\- who com- 
manded his lieutenants. He was accustomed to say to this 
man, "Go," and he went; to another man, "Come," and he 
came. He managed campaigns the .same way, and llie 
innovation was not at first entireh' acceptable. The wa\s 
of jxilitical managers had been looked upon as devious and 
secret; their comings and goings subterranean and noctur- 
nal. He brought daylight into dark places, conducted his 
first national campaign as he jilanned and carried on indus- 
trial uiiderlakings. The stockholders always had acce.ss to 
lliL- books. This is a connntrcial era, and if he brouglit 
business metlu>ils into ]>olitics, who will s;iy it has not Ix-en 
to the great advantage of politics? 

The only jxililical office he e\er lield, except uunibcrship 
in llu- siliool l»)anl of tin- cit\ of liis adoption, was a .seal 
in lliis body. He was still ser\ing liis first full term ami 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 129 

had been elected to another. The contrast between the cir- 
cumstances attending these two elections marks the prog- 
ress of popular knowledge of the man. In both campaigns 
he was indorsed by the State convention of his party, the 
nearest practical approach, perhaps, to election to the Sen- 
ate by direct vote of the people. At the first election the 
margin of party .success was narrow, but apparently entirely 
sufficient until factious opposition raised its ugly head 
within his own party. Men high in its confidence and 
enjoying honors granted at its hands joined to defeat the 
expressed will of the people. There was no scheme too 
desperate to be resorted to. 

The intensity and bitterness of that struggle no one can 
appreciate who was not a part of it. It required an upris- 
ing of the people in their majesty and wrath to register the 
verdict which they had instructed. The people spoke, and 
in no iincertain terms. B}- resolutions and delegations and 
infonnally appointed committees they assailed those who 
were dallying with dishonor or were listening to golden- 
tongued tempters. They did not .speak in vain, and the 
State was spared the misfortune, and worse, of violated 
instructions and tainted honor. Si.x )-ears later he was the 
candidate of a united party for reelection. The State con- 
vention again declared him the nominee of his party. He 
was now its acknowledged leader and idol, and the chief 
issue in the campaign. The result was an overwhelming 
personal triumph. He was returned to this body by the 
largest majority ever given in the State of Ohio. 

Senator H.\xn.\ was not merely a scholar; lie was more 
than that; he was a thinker who did not permit others to 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 9 



130 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

think for him, and hu ywX. liis best thought in his dail>- life. 

He was not an orator in the sense that polished paragraph 

and stately language makes an orator, and he ne\-er prepared 

a set speech. When he fir.st attempted to speak in public 

he spoke haltingly and hesitatingly, but practice gave him 

power. He developed amazingh- in the facult\- of apt and 

forceful expression. Much speaking gave him ease and 

self-confidence. He developed tlie power that was within 

him and became a convincing speaker. He believed what 

he said and said it in a way that carried ct)nviction. When 

he spoke it was from a full heart and a mind richly .stored 

with his subject. He talked the speech of common, every- 

da% life, iIk- vernacular of the plain people; and he talked 

to them, not over them. Me had the gift of homely phrase, 

and the.se phrases often crystallized into campaign cries. 

He used language to express thought, not to conceal it; 

speech was given him not to hide truth, but to proclaim it. 

Few public speakers have been more popular, ha\e drawn 

larger audiences, or moved them more profoundh-. 

The enthusia.sm and devotion he iiwakened are only pos- 
.sible to strong men. .\s he was lo>al to others, so were his 
friends loval to him. Those who knew him best loved him 
most. The Old (^uard was not more faithful to Napoleon 
than Mr. H.\nna's friends were to him. 

Do we realize the great handicap of wealth— that no man 
with the po.s.se.s.sions he accjuircd ever rose to great national 
estate? He achieved greatne.ss not because of his wealth, 
but in .spite of it. No man ever grew so rapidly in influ- 
ence and jMiwer, and no man who entered ixilitics so late ni 
life ever rose so high, .^iiccess and high station in politics, 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Ohio 131 

as a rule, come onh- to those who have served an appren- 
ticeship in lower places. He sprang, full panoplied and 
equipped, into the arena of national activity. 

We seek for comparisons, but none can be made, because 
no man achieved so great a success who was in public life 
as short a time as he was. No other man who wrought in 
the double field of industry- and politics ever achieved so 
great a success in both. He applied the straightforward, 
honest methods of upright business dealing to affairs of 
party and of state. The countrv was surprised, doubted, 
and then applauded. He re\-olutionized politics b)- putting 
it on a business basis. He interested business in politics, 
to the distinct advantage of the latter. 

He was distinctly the product of his day and generation — 
a typical American of the latter part of the nineteenth cen- 
tur}'. He was constructive in politics and in legislation, 
aa he was in business. He was interested in building up 
instead of tearing down. 

His greatest achievement in this body of which record 
appears was in converting a hostile majority to favor the 
route for an isthmian canal which his judgment declared 
was the best. He came to this conclusion only after most 
thorough investigation. When he entered upon this con- 
test few of the Members of Congress agreed with him. The 
claims of the other route had been written into part\' plat- 
forms, and he was told that his efforts would be futile. He 
entered upon the contest with all the zeal and energy of his 
strong nature. By personal appeals, by labors in committee 
and on this floor, he urged his \-iews. The countr^■ as well 
as Congress, when the final judgment was reached, was con- 



1 32 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

verted to his \iews and no one longer seriously questions 

the soundness of that position. 

It is given to few men to complete the tasks they set 
before them. Man's plans are not often God's plans. Lin- 
coln saw the end of armed strife, but it was not given his 
sublime patience to solve the tr>ing problems which follow- 
ed. We had not >et dnuik the cup of bitterness to the 
dregs. McKinley saw the end of anned opposition to our 
national authority at the close of another war, but was taken 
away leaving many vital problems unsolved. Mr. H.\NN.\ 
did much ; few men did so much in such a brief term, but 
his greatest task la>- before him. Busine^ success and po- 
litical preferment became to him means to an end. He felt 
the necessity of saner methods for settling disputes between 
labor and capital. He devoted himself to the cause of in- 
dustrial peace and social justice. To this great end he had 
consecrated the rest of his life, and had arranged his busi- 
ness affairs that they need no longer engage his attention. 
He repeatedh- declared he would rather settle the labor pro- 
blem than be President. 

Labor grew to trust him, to abide by his judgment, 
realizing his friendship based on long years of service. In a 
political addre.ss delivered in Ashtabula, where he employed 
nuun thousand men, he declared, " If 1 hax e ever wronged 
anv man in mx employ I will resign my seal." That chal- 
lenge went unaccepted. He wTonged tio man; gave no man 
just cau.se for offeu.se. His own employees felt his .sympa- 
th> . He had sUhkI in the way of projected business cou- 
.solidalious which threatened to sacrifice men who had grown 
gray in his .service. He declined to accumulate greater 



Address of Mr. Dick^ of Ohio 133 

wealth at the expense of those who had helped hiin build up 
his fortunes. This showed the great heart of the man — his 
tender, sympathetic interest in his fellow-men. The greatest 
good he did was what he accomplished and tried to accom- 
plish to solve the great industrial problem. His greatest 
service there lay in making labor and capital better ac- 
quainted. He was the great peacemaker. In this field there 
is no one to take his place, no one so high as he in the con- 
fidence of interests which oppose each other because they do 
not understand each other. 

]\Ir. H.\XN.\'s response to his physicians' appeal to help 
them, made in his last illness, was characteristic of the man, 
"I'll do the best I can." He ahva\-s did the best he could, 
alwa}s contended with all his might. He was the sturdy 
fighter who waged war not merelv to win but to overwhelm 
his antagonist. While he did not seek such conflicts, he 
did not avoid them. Once involved, the martial spirit in 
him rose to battle pitch. He fought in the open, gave hard t 
blows, and took them manfully. He fought to conquer and 
to conquer overwhelmingly, but, truce declared and peace 
effected, he harbored no resentment and punished no enemies. 
He not mereh- forgave, he forgot. 

True, he was not satisfied with a narrow margin of vic- 
tory ; it must be decisive. Even when success was abso- 
lutely assured he did not relax in his efforts in the least. 
This feeling was misunderstood and led to misconception, 
and was the great source of the excess of caricature from 
which he suffered. He needed only to be thoroughly known 
to be vindicated of all charges. Kindlier feelings and 
a more generous appreciation succeeded to distrust and 



134 I'^fi (^^id Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

malignity. \'itiiperation and abuse recoiled from him. He 
went his way serene, calm, cheerful, and undisturbed. It 
was his good fortune to live to see all the .shafts of malice 
blunted and turned back on his a.ssailers. For eight years 
the strong searchlight of infinite inquiry was focused upon 
him, l)ut nothing mean or small was ever disclosed. His 
life was an open book, every page as clean as the first. 

He liad no secret longings for other political honors. He 
was great enough to put aside any such ambition, and was 
never greater than in resisting the flattery of those who 
would have made him a national standard bearer. The 
public will know but litlk- of the great pressure brought 
to bear upon him to accept this crown, nt)r did he, like 
Cse.sar, refuse each time with less and less insistence. He 
was firm to the last, l)ecau.se he felt he was following the 
path in which his duty lay. He had given his word he 
would not be a candidate, and he kept his faith. 

M(.asure him from whatever point you choose, his sturdy 
hone.sty shines preeminent. The arts of the demagognie lie 
scorned. He liated all shams and artifice. He had no 
secret, dark-chamber method of achieving results. He did 
not win by intrigue. He worked in the open ; his methods 
might at any time have been laid bare to the gaze of the 
world. There was no .secret in his handling of men. He 
was honest, frank, sincere, s\ini)atlietic, friendh. His 
friendships were not confined within the narrow circle of 
])art\' ]>olitics, for he gained the admiration and resjx^ct of 
thcjse who would not agree with him. His honeslv and 
sincerity' no f)ne could dotibt. If he was devoted to any 
cause, it was on account of its riglitionsiuss and justice, as 



Address of Mr. Dick, of Oliio 135 

he viewed it. He ne\'er concealed personal and selfish aims 
under the j^uise of advocating public measures. He was 
frank and open in his relations to all legislation. He did 
not look to the shifting weather vane of public opinion to 
find direction to guide his steps. 

What seemed right to him he did. He never lacked the 
courage of his convictions. He was modest and unassum- 
ing. He never sought applause, and never carried himself 
to be seen of men. He won no victories on the field of 
battle ; he did not fill the seat of highest authorit}', but he 
was a pillar of the State. 

He was to a marked degree a well-balanced man, a man 
sane in all the relations of life. It follows that he was 
hopeful and optimistic. Cheerfulness and good nature were 
the \'ery essence of his being. He bore with him at all 
times the atmosphere of love and sunshine. He was .square, 
brave, and true ; a great, tender-hearted, manh- man. No 
one was ever deceived by his bluffness of speech when the 
beaming eye and kindly smile belied the sense of his words. 
The catholicity of his interests and svmpathies was as 
boundless as his charities. He had some faults that are 
common to most men, but he possessed virtues so rare as to 
challenge recognition and admiration. 

He passed away in the height of his power and influence, 
secure in the knowledge that he was known and honored b\- 
the whole coiuitry, that all misunderstanding and miscon- 
ception had pa.ssed away; looked up to b}- one vast set of 
interests as its shield and by another as its sincere friend 
and true adviser. Not all he advocated in this Chamber 
has t)een enacted into legislation, btit whether all his hopes 



136 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

are ever realized in the future or not, the projects in w liich 
he was interested will ever be associated with his name. 
Death was his first defeat. .\ nation grieved at his bedside 
and prayed for his recovery. The tears .shed for his loss 
were genuine and heartfelt. 

No man who made so brief a passage acro.ss the theater 
of our national life ever left a stronger impress on his day 
and age in every walk of life in which he took an interest. 
It is too soon to detennine his rightful place in the valhalla 
of our national heroes, but it is certain that the impartial 
biographer will record him a great party leader, a statesman 
of high rank, a patriot of jjurest loyalty. 

The President pro tempore. The question is on agree- 
ing to the resolutions submitted In- the senior Senator from 
Ohio. 

The resolutions were unanimously agreed to 

Mr. FoR.\KER. Mr. President, I move, as a further mark 
of respect to the memoiy of the departed, that the Senate 
do now adjourn. 

The motit)n was unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock 
and 33 minutes p. m. ) llu- Senate adjourned until lo-nior- 
row, Frida\', .\])ril S, i(.>()4, at 12 o'clock uRridian. 

MESSAGE FROM THE lH)rSE 

Ai'Rii. 25. 1904. 
The message also transmitted to the .Siii.ue the resolu- 
tions (if the House of Rei)re.scntatives on tlie life and ])ublic 
.ser\ices of Hon. M.\RCt'S .\. H.vnna, late a Senatur from 
the State (if Ohio. 



PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE 

Tuesday, Febnmry /6, igo^. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the 
followinof prayer: 

Our Father who art in heaven, we come to thee bowed 
in sorrow and in grief because a great and useful man, a 
faithful ser\-ant of the people, has been taken from us. 
Yet we come with perfect faith and confidence in thee as a 
wise, just, and merciful Ruler, who doeth all things for the 
good of thy children. 

Help us, we beseech thee, to learn the lesson thou 
wouldst teach in the life and death of this man, that we 
may be faithful to our calling and gain the confidence and 
esteem of our fellow-men. 

Be very near to the bereaved wife, the mourning family, 
and to those who were near and dear to him b\- the ties of 
friendship. Comfort them b\- the blessed hope of the life 
to come in Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 

MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE 

A message from the vSenate, by Mr. Parkinson, its read- 
ing clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- 
ing resolutions: 

■ Resolved^ That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of the Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

137 



13S F.ife and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

A'csolvfJ, Thai a commitlee of twenty-five Senators, of whom the Presi- 
dent pro tempore shall be one, be appointed by the presiiling officer to 
lake order for siiperiiitendinj; the funeral of Mr. Hanna, which shall take 
place in the Senate Chamber at 12 o'clock ni., on \Vednes<lay, February 
17th, instant, and that the Senate will attend the same. 

A'esolzvd, That as a further mark of respect his remains be removed 
from Washington to Clevelan<l, Ohio, for burial, in charge of the Sergeanl- 
at-Anns, attended by the committee, who shall have full ]x>\ver to carry 
these resolutions into effect; and that the nece.ssary expenses in connec- 
tion therewith be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate. 

Kfsolffd, That the Secretary communicate these proceetiings to the 
House of Representjitives and invite the House of Representatives to 
attend the funeral in the Senate Chamber, and to appoint a committee to 
act with the committee of the Senate. 

Resolved, That invitations Ik- extended to the President of the United 
Slates and the members of his Cabinet, the Chief Justice and associate 
justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, the diplomatic corps 
(through the Secretary of State), the Admiral of the Navy, and the Lieu- 
tenant-Oeneral of the Army to attend the funeral in the Senate Chamber. 

And that in compliance with the foregoinjj; the presiding 
officer had appointed as said committee Mr. Fr\e, Mr. 
Foraker, Mr. Allison, Mr. .\ldrich, Mr. Hale, Mr. Piatt of 
Connecticnt, Mr. Spooner, Mr. Perkins, Mr. Wetmore, Mr. 
Hansbrotigh, Mi. Warn. n. Mr. Fairbanks, Mr. Depew, Mr. 
Kean, Mr. Scott, Mr. Heveridge, Mr. Alger, Mr. Kittredge, 
Mr. Gorman, Mr. Cockrell. Mr. Teller, Mr. Bacon, Mr. 
Martin, Mr. Plackbnrn, and Mr. McKncry. 

Mr. Crosvknor. Mr. Speaker, I ask nnanimons con.sent 
that when llu- House adjourn to-day it adjourn to meet at 
1 1.45 to-morrow. 

The Si'EAKKK. The gentleman from Ohio asks unani- 
mous consent that when the Hon.se adjourn tiMla\- it adjourn 
to meet at 11.45 ^- "'• to-morrow. Is there objection? 
[.Vfter a pan.sc.] The Chair hears none. 



Proceedings iu the House 139 

Fkbruarv 16, 1904. 

death of hon. marcus a. hanxa 

Mr. Gros\-EXOR. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following 
resolutioiLs, and ask their immediate consideration. 
The Speaker. The Clerk will report the .same. 
The Clerk read as follows: 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives has heard with profound 
sorrow of the death of the Hon. MARCfS A. H.\NNA, a Senator of the 
United States from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That the House of Representatives accepts the invitation of 
the Senate to attend the funeral services of the late Hon. ]M.\RCl"S A. 
H.\NN.\, to be held in the Senate Chamber to-morrow, at 12 o'clock noon, 
and that the Speaker of the House appoint a committee of thirty Members 
to act in conjunction with a committee of the vSenate to make the neces- 
sary arrangements and accompany the remains to the place of burial. 

Resolved, That as a furtlier mark of respect the House do now adiourn. 

The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. 

The Speaker announced the following; committee: Mr. 
Grosvenor, ;\Ir. \'an \'oorhis, Mr. Burton, ]\Ir. Southard, 
Mr. Dick, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Beidler, Mr. Cassingham, Mr. 
Hildebrandt, Mr. Kyle, Mr. Nevin, Mr. Snook, Mr. War- 
nock, Mr. Badger, Mr. Garber, Mr. Goebel, Mr. Jackson, of 
Ohio, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Longworth, Mr. Weems, Mr. 
Hemenway, ^Ir. Bartlett, Mr. Lucking, Mr. Wilev, of 
Alabama, Mr. Dalzell, Mr. Watson, I\Ir. Burke, I\Ir. Currier, 
Mr. Sherman, 'Sir. Rodenberg, Mr. McClean,-, of Minnesota, 
and Mr. Calderhead. 

Accordingly, in compliance with the order pre\-iouslv 
made, the House (at 12 o'clock and 54 minutes p. m.) ad- 
journed until to-morrow at 1 1 o'clock and 45 minutes a. m. 



140 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

Wednesday, February 77, 1904. 

The House met at 11.45 a. m., and was called to order 
by the Speaker. 

The Chaplain, Rev. Henry X. Couden, D. D., offered the 
following prayer: 

We thank thee, our heavenh- Father who art in heaven, 
for those finer and more delicate qualities of the soul which 
lift us above the .sordid in life in times of calamity or 
great sorrow and make the whole world akin. Sanctify 
the solomn ser\4ces of this day to our good, and help us to 
remember that we must work while it is yet day, for the 
night Cometh when no man can labor. 

Hear us and so watch o\er us and guide us that our 
work ma\- be acceptable unto thee, through Christ our 
Lord. Amen. 

The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and 
appro\ed. 

OBSEQUIES OF THE LATE SENATOR HAXNA 

In accordance with the invitation of the Senate and the 
order adopted by the House on yesterday, the members and 
officers of the House proceeded in a body to the Senate 
Chamber to attend the fiincral services of the late Hon. 
Makcis a. Hanna. 

At the conclusion of the .services tlie members returned to 
the Hall of Rejire.seutatives. 

Mr. Payne. Mr. Speaker, as a further mark of respect to 
the deceased Senator, I move that the Hou.se do now 
adjourn. 



Proceedings in the House 141 

The motion was agreed to; and accordingly (at i o'clock 
and 3 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow 
at 12 o'clock noon. 

message from the senate 

April 7, 1904. 
The message also announced that the Senate had passed 
the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the death 
of the Hon. M.^RCUS A. Hanna, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. 

Resoh'ed, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the 
business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to paj' 
proper tribute to his high character and distinguished public services. 

Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House 
of Representatives. 

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect at the conclusion of the 
exercises the Senate adjourn. 

April 15, 1904. 

eulogies on the late senator hanna and the l.^te 
hon. \v. w. skiles 

Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. Speaker 

The Speaker. For what purpose does the gentleman 
rise ? 

Mr. Grosvenor. I desire to ask unanimous consent that 
Sunday, April 24, a session of the House being already- 
ordered, may be set apart for eulogies upon the life and 
character of the late deceased Senator Hann.a. and Hon. 
\V. W. Skiles, late a Member of this House. By arrange- 
ment with the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Wiley] the 
exercises incident to that day will not come in conflict with 
those I ha\e now requested. 



142 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

The Speaker. Is there objection? As tlie Chair under- 
stands, the gentleman proposes that tlie House shall meet 
at 12 o'clock on Simday, the 24th. 

Mr. Gkosvenor. At 12 o'clock, Mr. Speaker. 

The Speaker. The Chair hears no objection, and it is 
so ordered. 

Mr. Small. Mr. Speaker, I think the special order is for 
2 o'clock. 

Mr. Grosvexor. Yes. 

Mr. Underwood. I understand gentlemen have arranged 
with the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Wiley] so that 
there will be no conflict. 

Mr. Grosvenor. Yes; I have arranged with the gentle- 
man from Alabama [Mr. \\'iley]. \Ve have agreed about 
the matter. 



MEMORUL ADDRESSES 

Sunday, April j"/, /^o^. 

The House met at 12 o'clock m. 

The following- pra\'er was offered by the Chajjlain, Rev. 
Henry N. Conden, D. D.: 

Eternal and everliving God, onr Heavenly Father, we 
thank thee for that deep and ever-abiding faith which 
thou hast implanted in the hearts of men, and which has 
inspired the true, the noble, the brave of every age with 
patriotic zeal and fervor, bringing light out of darkness, 
order out of chaos, libert\- out of bondage, and thus con- 
tributing here a little, there a little, to the splendid civiliza- 
tion of oxtr age. Especially do we thank thee for that long 
line of illustrious men who lived and wrought, suffered and 
died that our Republic, with all its sacred institutions, 
might live. And to-day we are reminded of that host of 
statesmen whose names have been connected with the 
Congress of our nation, where deeds of heroism have been 
enacted no less onerous than on the field of glory. And, 
gathered here to-day in memory of those whom their col- 
leagues would immortalize, may the heart guide tlie tongue 
that truth may live to inspire those who shall come after 
them, and God grant that we may live so pure, so true, so 
noble, that men will rise up and call us blessed, and passing 
on we may find a glorious reward awaiting us in the realms 

143 



144 Memorial Addresses 

of eternal day. And paeans of praise we will ever give to 
thee, in the name of Jesns Christ our Lord. Amen. 

The Journal of yesterda>'s proceedings was read and 
appro\ed. 

Mr. Grosvenor. Mr. Speaker, I offer for adoption the 
following resolutions: 

The Clerk read as follows: 

Resohi-d, That the business of the House be now suspended that oppor- 
tunity may be given for paying tribute to the memory of Hon. Marci"S 
A. Hann.*, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Ohio. 

Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the 
deceased Senator, and in recognition of his distinguished public career, 
the House at the conclusion of the exercises of tliis day shall stand 
adjourned. 

Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. 

Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family 
of the deceased. 

The Spe.\ker. The question is on agreeing to the reso- 
lutions. 

The question was taken, and the resolutions were unani- 
mously agreed to. 



Address o/ Mr. Loiigworth., of Ohio 145 



Address of Mr. Longworth, of Ohio 

Mr. Speaker: In the very brief period that I shall 
occupy I shall attempt to do nothing more than niereh' 
to record myself as one of those who have assembled here 
to-day to pay the last tribute of loving respect to the 
memory of Senator Marcus A. Hanna. The Senate of 
the United States has heretofore met for the same purpose, 
and have paid affectionate tribute to the memory of their 
late comrade. The legislature of the State of Ohio, which 
so short a time ago that it seems only yesterday met to 
pay to him the highest honor that they ever paid any man 
in the history of the State of Ohio, have within a few da}s 
again met to pay to him the last farewell. The countrv 
has spoken, and there is but little left to say. But upon 
this solemn occasion, when we of the House have met to 
add our voice to the voices of those who have spoken with 
eulogy of M.ARCUS A. Hanna, I count it as a privilege to 
be permitted to say one brief word which, although but 
too inadequate, as I well realize, is none the less sincere 
and heartfelt. 

In all the eulogies that I have read and have heard pro- 
nounced — and they have come from the most eminent men 
of the country — the thing that has most impressed me, what 
has seemed to me to be the dominant note, has been that of 
admiration for Senator Hanna not only because he was a 

S. Doc. 321, 58-2 lo 



146 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

great statesman and a great and dominant figure in Ameri- 
can business and in American politics, but an admiration 
for his qualities as a man ; and I know of no one in Ameri- 
can histor>- who so preeminently combined in his make-up 
those qualities which the American people call "manly." 
His tremendous popularity among the people is all the more 
remarkable because he was not of a type that usualh" make 
the popular idol. He was not a great general, though he 
served honorabK- in the Army of his countr>-. He was not a 
great orator of the kind that sway men's souls and passions, 
though he was a speaker of great clearness and of innnense 
force. He was not the father of, in the sense of having his 
name inevitably connected with, any g^eat public policy. 
It was not because of those qualities which usually appeal 
to men's hearts that the .\merican people loved him. It 
was because they saw in him the typification of that simple, 
honest, energetic American manhood that has made this 
countrN- the greatest among the nations of the earth. 

Since the sad day in which this great man passed away 
men of all creeds, of all degrees, the high and low, rich 
and poor, have lifted up their voices in eulogy of Senator 
H.\NN.\. (ireat orators have delivered elocjuent orations; 
great writers have contributed litcrar\ gems; but to my 
mind llu- most eloquent and touching of all was that 
unspoken eulog\ . if one may be permitted to u.se such an 
expression, of the people iir the city of Cleveland, men and 
women, who stt)od for hours in the snow, with the ther- 
mometer at the zero ix)int, waiting to get one last look at 
the features of their well-beloved fellow-citizen; those 
jKople who lini-d the streets and with bared heads and 



Address of Mr. Lofigwort/iy of Ohio 147 

aching hearts watched the funeral cortege pass on its way 
to the final resting place; those miners all o\'er the State 
of Ohio who at the hour of the funeral laid aside their 
picks and shovels and joined with those far awav in a last 
tribute of farewell to the man who had pro\-ed himself 
their friend. 

To myself tlie death of Senator Hanna came as a per- 
sonal loss. I believe that the first serious thought that I 
e\-er had of entering upon a political career came as a 
result of a conver.sation I once had with him in this Capi- 
tol, shortly after his election to the Senate, in which he 
said that he thought it the dut>- of e\-ery young man to 
whom it was in any way possible to take an interest in 
the political questions of the day and to ally himself 
actively with one of the great parties. 

Since that time he was always ready with ad\ice and 
counsel, and his unvar^'iug kindliness to me I shall always 
remember with gratitude and with pride. It was mv good 
fortune to be especially intimately associated with Senator 
Haxxa during the last campaign in Ohio, when as chair- 
man of the speakers' bureau I had charge of his routine 
and of the arrangement of his meetings, and I have often 
thought that his tremendous labors at that time ma\' have 
contributed to hasten his last illness. With an enero-v that 
seemed almost superhuman he insisted in filling not only 
those appointments which were made for him by the com- 
mittee, but also in adding more in respon.se to requests that 
the committee had refused, and he did .so, I have alwa\'S 
thought, not so much with the desire to gain votes, although 
he was devoted to his cause and inten.sel\' partisan, but 



148 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

because he wanted to oblige his friends. The name of 
Marcus A. Haxxa will doubtless go down through his- 
tory- as one of the great men and unquestionably the most 
forceful individual figure of his day; but his friends will 
keep his memor\- green, not only because he was a great 
leader and a great statesman, but because he was a simple, 
kindlv, big-hearted American gentleman, who always kept 
his word and ne\er went back on a friend. 



Address oj Mr. Cassingham, of Ohio 149 



Address of Mr. Cassingham. of Omo 
IMr. Speaker: My first knowledge of Senator Hanna 
was secured years ago before he became particularly acti\e 
or prominent in State politics, his attention at that time 
being directed almost entireh- to the coal and iron business, 
with which he was identified. 

At the time I refer to I merely knew him by sight and 
as one of the influential business men of the city of Cleve- 
land, Ohio. I\Iy impression of him at that time was that 
he was a man of a stern and distant nature, in whose pres- 
ence I, at least, would not feel comfortable. I also enter- 
tained the opinion at that time that he was possessed of but 
little sympathy for what is known as the "labor element." 
The.se opinions of mine were strengthened b^• newspaper 
references to him after his entrance into and' prominence 
in national politics as the manager of Mr. ^McKinley's 
political interests. 

One day, after my election to Congress, in passing his 
office with a Democratic Member of this bod\-, my "com- 
panion suggested that we should go in to see Senator 
Hanna, to which I objected, being largly influenced in 
my judgment b>- the impressions I have just referred to 
with reference to his stern character. However, we went 
in and I am glad to .say that the kindly manner in uiiich 
he received us entircl.v di.ssipated the erroneous opinions 
that I had previousl>- formed concerning his character. 



150 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

After that interview I could readih- see why he had 
become the great political leader that he was. His sturdy 
steadfastness to friends, his kindly nature, and his recog- 
nized ability were the magnetic influences that drew men 
to him and held them there. 

His antagonism to the labor element was frequently 
commented upon in the section of the countrN where I 
reside during the period of his early attention to State 
politics, but as the .sphere of his influence broadened into 
national politics this belief disappeared, and for .some time 
prior to his death he held a place in the esteem of the . 
laboring class equaled by few, if an\-, men in public life. 
On the day of his burial at his home city the evidences of 
the high esteem and regard in which he was held b>- all 
cla.s.ses, especially by the labor class, were striking features 
of that .sad occasion. 

The Democratic party recognized him as an able political 
antagoni.st, one who not only enjoyed the confidence of the 
substantial and corporate interests of the country but also 
that of the great army of wage-eaniers. 

The bulletins describing his condition during his last 
illness were watched with interest by persons in all con- 
ditions of life without regard to party afiiliations, and when 
the announcement of his death came they all mourned the 
loss of a distinguished citizen of our common country. 

The nation mourns the lo.ss of a foremost citizen and 
Ohio the death of one of its ablest .sons, and I, as an 
.\merican and an Ohioan, wish to add my voice to the 
universal expre.ssion of regret in the death of M.\KCi'.s 
Al.ONZO H.\NNA. 



Address of Mr. Gocbel, of Ohio 151 



Address of Mr. Goebel, of Orao 

i\Ir. Speaker : We meet to-day to honor, amonj^ others, 
the memory of Marcus A. Hanna, late a citizen of Ohio 
and Senator of the United States. I knew him for many 
years, and onr relations were always cordial and pleasant 
and remained so np to the time of his death. 

Senator Hanna was a successful business man. He did 
not, until 18S4 and when he came into the field of politics, 
attract public attention. From that time forward he was 
in the public 'eye. Possessed of a keen intellect, exerting 
a power to make and then to take advantage of political 
condition.^ and circumstances as they arose, he .soon en- 
grafted his individuality upon his party in Ohio, which 
made it possible for his appointment by the governor as a 
Senator of the United States to fill the vacancy caused by 
the resignation of Senator Sherman and until the meeting 
of the legislature. I shall always remember his remarka- 
ble contest before that legislature when he sought an elec- 
tion for the full term, and iu wliich he was successful. 

Senator Hanna came to the Senate with the prestige of 
his party and as the personal friend of President McKinlev. 
He rose rapidly in that body and in the confidence and 
esteem of the nation, pos.sessing a strong body, a mind 
quick of conception, honest and manly, exercising good 
business judgnnent, and bringing them all into ])lay, he 
soon became a power in that body and a recognized leader 



152 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haniia 

of his party. He was in all respects a safe man, his advice 
was good, his moti\es pure, and essentialh- he became a 
factor in shaping legislation of great consequence to our 
nation. His friendship was sincere and lasting. He made 
enemies, yet in his loyalty to friends he never wavered. 
He was willing to share all the burdens as well as the joys 
of friendship. It was justly said of him that could he 
have had a voice as to the eulogies pronounced upon him 
he would not countenance false praise nor wi.sh to have 
ascribed to him virtues he did not possess. 

Senator H.\xn.\ was but human, so that at times he 
erred. Then his criticisms of men and measures were 
rather severe, but he had .so many good ([ualities that so 
strongly impressed themselves upon you, that one soon lost 
sight of the other ones. He was not a brilliant man in the 
full acceptance of that term, yet blended in him were all 
the elements of an able man, and those elements he exerted 
for the public good. He was distinctiveh' a man of the 
people. His death was untimely, for his eye had not been 
dimmed nor his intellect impaired — cut down while in 
strength and u.scfulness. 

.Ml Ihc world's a stage, 
.\ii(l all till- iiKMi ami women iiicrely players. 
T1k-v have llu-ir t-xils anil thi-ir entrances; 
.\n<l one man in his time plays many parts. 

Senator H.\NX.\ jilayed a leading part in life's drama. 
He gave full measure to his country, and left iK'hind a cliar- 
acter that tinu- in its fleeting race will not .soon efface. Tin.- 
world is better becau.se 1r- li\ed. His part\ will miss a 
wise counselor, and the nation mourns his loss. 



Address of Mr. Southard^ of Ohio 153 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Omo 

Mr. Speaker : Every man, large or small, is in greater 
or less degree the creature of circumstances, and Senator 
]\lARcrs A. H.\NNA was no exception to the rule. He was 
possessed, however, of those qualities of mind and heart 
which, under ordinar}' circumstances, make success certain. 
He was to a ver^' great degree what is known as a self-made 
man. He was, in the first place, a successful business man, 
and accumulated a large fortune even for his day and gen- 
eration, when fortunes are measured in millions. His for- 
tune was acquired b\- honest means and methods. He had 
courage — that which is .sometimes called "nerve" — and 
sound business judgment. All of his accumulations came 
as the result of legitimate profits from business conducted 
along legitimate lines. He was in no sense a speculator 
except as the element of speculation enters into all business 
enterprises. His strong personality, his courage, and his 
self-reliance made him a leader in business as he afterwards 
became a leader in public affairs. 

From a very modest beginning as clerk in his father's 
store, he became the head of large transportation companies 
and manufacturing and mining concerns. 

He enjoyed a high reputation for honesty, integritv, and 
fair dealing. His word was his bond, and it is .said that 
neither was ever qiiestioncd. He was widely known and as 



154 i-^f^ '^nd Character of Marcus A. Havna 

wideh- respected as a business man long before he became 
a politician and a statesman. No man, perhaps, e\er com- 
manded the confidence of the business men of the countr>- 
to a orreater degree. 

I had known of him many years as a business man ami 
as a Republican in politics before I came lo know him per- 
sonallv in 1S95. He was then deeply interested in the 
nomination of William McKinley for President. He had 
assumed the management of his preconveution campaign. 
Mr. Haxn.\ himself was an ardent protectioni.st. 

It was thought almost universally at that time that pro- 
tectioni.sm and not free silver would become the dominating 
or paramount issue. He 1)elie\ed McKinley to be the log- 
ical candidate of the part\-. He l)elieved also in McKinle>-, 
and he loved him as a brother. Mr. H.-v.nn.a was then in 
the full .strength of matured manhood. He had had wide 
experience in organizing and handling men. He had never 
held political office, hut he was not a novice in political 
methods. He had always taken more or le.ss interest in 
public affairs, and twice, at least, had he been elected a 
delegate to the national convention. For .some \ears he 
had been rather a prominent figure in the rather factional 
.strife which prevailed in lla- Stale at thai time. 

Here is where my acquaintance with Mi. I Ia.nna com- 
menced. Afterwards, up to the time of his death, I met 
him frequently and thought I got to know him fairly well. 
Willi the commencemeut of the campaign which resulted 
in the nomination and election of McKinley as Pre.sident 
began what ma\ be termed his public career. It was short, 
but eventful. 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 155 

From the very be_£jinning he became prominent, and his 
prominence increased to the end. Perhaps no one short of 
McKinley himself exercised a o-reater influence in public 
affairs. Durino; the early part of this period he was hated 
b)- millions. Dnrino- the latter part many of tho.se who 
had hated him had learned to love him, and millions were 
singing his praises. Few men have been more viciously 
misrepresented and \illainously slandered by those who 
spoke without knowledge or a desire to obtain it. A man 
with less strength and fortitude would have sunk beneath 
the load. He lived to rise triumphant over all, and when 
he died there was not one whom the nation could not better 
afford to lose. 

In organizing the campaign for the McKinley nomina- 
tion he displa}ed the same qualities which had made him 
successful in business. Energy and method characterized 
all his work. 

The high character of McKinley and the fact that he 
stood as the embodiment of the protection idea contributed 
much to his nomination, but the consummate oreanizine 
ability of Mr. H.\XNA made the victory an easy one. After 
the nomination he became the chairman of the national 
committee, and it was during this campaigu of i.SgG that 
he displayed those masterful abilities which challenged 
universal attention and fixed his status as the greatest 
political organizer of his day. I believe the campaign of 
1896 the most remarkable in our history. It was from its 
inception a campaign of education. The i.ssnes were cle;irlv 
defined, and they were real issues. The discu.ssiou of them 
aroused much of class feeling. Mr. II.\xx.\ was a wealtln- 



156 Life and Character of Marcus .7. Ha una 

man. He \vas known to be a close friend and adviser of 
the candidate for President. He at once became the target 
for the grossest abuse and the most vituperative slander. 

Among other things, he was characterized as a man of 
corrupt methods and a cruel, tyrannical oppressor of labor. 
While nothing was further from the truth, he was in no 
position to make a personal defense. B>- the close of the 
campaign it became as settled conviction in the minds of 
millions of men and women that these vile statements were 
true. So persi.stently were these slanders circulated that in 
his State they were for a time generalh- believed by those 
who did not personally know M.-VRcrs A. Hanna. \\'hen 
McKinley became President it was his desire that Mr. 
Hanna should be called to the Senate. It is not difficult 
to see why the President wished to have him there. He 
had been McKinley's friend and adviser, and no one had 
had better opportunity to discover his true worth. 

He was first appointed to fill the \acancy occasioned by 
the selection of Senator Sherman as Secretary of State. 
Afterwards he was twice cho.sen to represent his State in 
the Ihiited States Senate, each time under circumstances 
and conditions differing widely from the other. Preceding 
each election he had received the indorsenieiU of ilu Slate 
convention of his party. His candidacy was the dominating 
issue in each caiu])aigu, and I tliink it can be fairl\- staletl 
that the difference in the results in tliese two very sjiiriled 
contests fairly measured his growth and advancement in 
favor with the pei)ple of his Slate. 

The first election was carried by onl\ a few ihousimd; ilie 
one t)ccurring .six years later by nmre llian u)0,ooo, an 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 157 

unprecedented majority in Ohio. Notwithstanding his ante- 
election indorsement in 1897, it became uncertain that he 
would be elected Senator. The business men of the State 
arose in their might and demanded that the expressed will 
of the part}' at the polls should be respected. I do not 
believe that another such meeting was ever held, composed 
entirely of the people of a single State, as that which 
assembled in Columbus in January, 1898, to protest against 
the effort then being made to pre\-ent the selection of Mr. 
H.\NN.A. for Senator. There were at least 10,000 politi- 
cians and business men, all represeutati\'e men from every 
part of that great Commonwealth. 

All this time President McKinley was perhaps the most 
popular and the man most beloved in his part}- and Mr. 
Haxna was his trusted friend. Undeserved abuse, criticism, 
slander, and libel, persistently indulged in, aided factious 
opposition in creating this anomalous political condition. 
If Mr. H.\NN.\ was seriously disturbed by these things his 
friends generally did not know it. I saw him frequently 
during that intensely bitter struggle which immediate!}- 
preceded his first election. He was always composed and 
cheerful, with never an unkind word for tho.se who were 
opposing him. 

In his election to the United States Senate he found 
increa.sed opportunity to make himself known and inider- 
stood b}- the people. He had for a long time been a large 
employer of labor, and all those who had been associated 
with him, as employees or otherwise, were his friends. The 
erroneous impressions as to his character could not last. 
Thev had no solid foundation on which to rest. Laborine 



158 Life and Cluiractcr of Marcus A. Hatina 

men grew to trust him and to believe in him. While he 
differed as to important matters with many of those known 
as " labor leaders," they became, as a nile, exceedingh- well 
disposed, because they knew him to be friendly, frank, fair, 
and courageous. 

At the time of his death there was probably no more 
popular and beloved man in the nation. He was excep- 
tionally loyal to his friends, and they were strongh- attached 
to him. It has been said frequently that he was not an 
orator. This depends on what we adopt as a definition for 
orator}-. All agree that he was an original thinker and a 
clear and convincing speaker. Speaking of his career in 
the Senate, one of its members says : " He took his initia- 
tion pitted against eighty-nine old gladiators of debate, and 
he who is willing to do justice to this man's fame nuist 
admit that from his entrance here until his death, on all 
questions political and commercial, he maintained his place 
in the very first rank of the strongest debaters in the Senate. 
No ordinary man could have done that." Another sjx^aks 
of him as a powerful and convincing sjieaker. One thing 
is certain, he became popular as a public speaker, and the 
people turned out to hear him in large numbers in what- 
ever part (jf the countr\' he chanced to be. 

He obtained his early education in the common schools, 
but his grasping and retentive mind jjut him in possession 
of a store of n.seful knowledge that enal)led him to undcr- 
.stand and deal w itli intricate Imsiness or state problems. 

He was one of the most considerate and ohiigingof men ; 
at least, that is the \va\ lie inipre.s.sed his friends. He at 
once inspired confidence and affectionate regard, and when 



Address of Mr. Southard, of Ohio 159 

he passed away the tears that were shed were the e\'idence 
of unfeigned sorrow. 

His time in the Senate covered a period of about seven 
years. He was always helpful in shaping policies and 
determining legislation. Few men with so short a service 
can be said to have accomplished so much. It is perhaps 
too early to assign to Mr. Hanna his proper place among 
the great men that Ohio has given to the nation, but we 
can rest assured that history will accord to him high honor 
and that he will be held in grateful remembrance by a 
patriotic people. 



l6o Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 



Address of Mr. Tawney. of Minnesota 

Mr. Speaker: When the lives of great men come to a 
close, it is well that, in accord with historic custom, we 
pause to honor their memories and think upon the institu- 
tions, the movements, of which thc\- were a part. It were 
an interesting task for some idle hour to imagine what our 
body politic would be if such men as the late lamented 
Senator H.\nn.\ were endowed with earthly immortality, 
what changes would result if their influence and power con- 
tinued to grow forever. Could democratic institutions long 
continue to flourish if such were the law? .\n .\11-Wise 
Providence has ordered it otherwise. As one after another 
of the strong towers of the nation's citadel are laid low, we 
witness a never-ceasing spectacle of change. It is said that 
if there were no moon to attract the waters, there would be 
no ebb and flow of the sea; and the stillness which follows 
the death of a great man resembles nothing so much as the 
pause of the waves if the moon were swept from the sky. 

When we analyze the current of our national affairs and 
.seek the cau.ses which explain it we find somewhere in the 
shadows of the bordering hills great men who, like the 
mothers of legend and .song, keep watch at the sj)rings of 
life. T1r\ mold the needs of men and suppK the foods to 
satisfy them. They plan and project their ])lans into the 
jjolitical and industrial life of the nation. They initiate 



Address of Mr. Tazi'iity, of Minnesota i6i 

and control the policies of government. The\- become 
bureaus for the wisdom and power of the land, so that other 
men must work and speak through them. Such a center 
of influence and power was Senator Hanna. But, sir, 
Senator H.^xx.\ held a position in our national life in man\- 
wavs unique. He represented as possibly no other man of 
the present day the close relation between commerce and 
national politics. If it be true that "commerce follows the 
flag," there is a sense in which it is also true that "com- 
merce is being." 

It sometimes happens that commercial interests are estab- 
lished before political relationship. Commercial relations 
sometimes make political relations expedient and even 
necessary. Indeed, sir, I hold it true that commerce fol- 
lows human taste and need, and the flag, commerce. Where 
on the face of the earth can human tastes change without 
affecting the currents of our foreign trade? Where are the 
needs of men altered \i\ civilization or uncivilizing' influ- 
ences without producing demands which commerce alone 
can supply? And what nation is there which does not 
protect its ships and its citizens and seek friendly political 
relations to increase their wealth and straighten their com- 
mercial paths through the seas? Senator Hanna's life, I 
repeat, in a peculiar wa\- illustrates this relation. 

Called home from college after a single year by the sick- 
ness of his father, he de\-oted himself after his twentieth year 
to mercantile life. In an incredibl}- short space of time he 
became one of the captains of btisiness in and about his 
home city in the State of Ohio. His growth was phenome- 
nal. He disposed of his grocer}- trade and invested in coal 
S. Doc. 321, 58-2 II 



i62 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hatina 

and iron. His factories and foundries nuiltiplied; he became 
a master of the iron trade; he studied coal mines and bought 
coal lands; he studied the iron trade and bought iron lands 
and boats to carry the ore. He built the first steel ship on 
the Great Lakes and became intimately associated as a part 
owner of those great and productive iron mines of Minnesota 
at the head of the Great Lakes. Men toiled for him from 
the Alleghenies to the Rockies. 

When the labor unions began to organize he invented the 
union of coal operators. He became a director of the Globe ' 
Ship Manufacturing Company, of Cleveland; president of 
the I'nion National Hank, of that city; president of the 
Cleveland City Railway Company; president of the Chapin 
Mining Company, on Lake Superior. He interested him- 
self in theaters, and was the proprietor of a successful play- 
house; and in all these varied business experiences he did 
not fail to discover that the policies of the Government, the 
laws of industry and trade, detennined to a ven,' great extent 
the possibilities of our national commercial growth. Con- 
sequently he became interested in the political platforms of 
parties, in party leaders, in industrial institutions, and in 
commercial legi.slation. 

Friendship for William Mckinley, which began in a 
law.suit in which these two nitii ttiok opposing sides, grew 
into a warm admiration, and in i^ic;6 he began directing; tin- 
campaigns which resulted in the nomination, the election, 
and the reelection of that immortal jjatriol and statesman 
to the Presidency of the nation. Senator H.x.nna, as every- 
one knows, was chairman of tlu Republican national com- 
miltL-e from 1S96 to his death, and was himsi-]f (.lectt-d to 



Ad(f)-c'ss of Mr. Ta-a'iuy, of Minnesota 163 

the Senate of the United States from the State of Ohio in 
1897, and reelected to that position only a few short weeks 
prior to his death. He grew in wealth not so much because 
he prized riches as because he was born with tenacity of 
purpose and an instinct for masters-. He tpiled desperateh', 
bnt he toiled with his head more than with his hands. 
Probabh- there was not another man in America who pos- 
sessed so accurate a detailed knowledg^e of the nianv branches 
of business life in which he was interested. 

The instinct for mastery over the conditions of life was 
powerful in him, as it is in all strong men. He loved free- 
dom from the limitations that make life meaningless to 
countless thousands, and sought freedom for himself and 
his friends alike. It was for mastery and independence that 
he built ships and operated mines. It was for this, too, 
that he sought political position and influence. He had 
discovered that connnerce and politics are not distinct and 
separate, and that to be master in the one sphere a man must 
enter the other. His interest in tariffs, the uplifting of the 
merchant marine, the construction of the isthmian canal, 
his deep concern for the relations between labor and capital, 
and his loyal and efficient aid to the political interests of 
his great friend, William AIcKinlev, were part and parcel 
of his determination to be free. His motives were simple 
and manly; his methods were the methods of that straight- 
forward business honest}- in which, as a youth, he was 
trained. 

I know of no just measure of the ability of men save the 
degree to which they acliie\-e mastery over the conditions 
of life. He is stron«r who makes the forces of the world 



164 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiuia 

pour their treasures into the coffers of the institutions he 
represents. No breezes blow which do not fill his sails. 
For him all knowledge, all moral influence, and all wealth 
exist. If there are ob.stacles, he overcomes them; if there 
are battles to b^ fought, in the end he wins them; if there 
are friends to be supported and great causes to be sustained, 
he is sufficient. Judged by this standard, Senator Hanna 
was one of the greatest men of this great age. No weakness 
of will, no faltering on the threshold of action, marked his 
life; no maudlin mind wandering rendered him incapable 
of prolonged and concentrated mental effort. \\'herever he 
was and whatever his task, he was master of himself and 
his resources. Who among the many men with whom 
he was associated was more alert and receptive than he? 
Who was quicker witted, more fertile in planning, or more 
prompt in action? Who was truer to his friends and party? 
Who was more fearful to his enemies? 

Senator H.\nx.\'s philosophy of lilt was simple and 
practical. He may ha\ e lacked many graces of conduct ; 
he may have lacked the tact to accomplish his ends with- 
out sharp clash of opjxjsing forces; but when the day of 
battle came and the fight was on, he was farseeing, coura- 
geous, prepared. For Senator H.\NNA's life was not an 
ideal one, but — 

Iron cUij{ from central (;looin 
.\n<l lieatLil hot with hurninK fi-urs. 
Anil (li|)|H-4l in luitlis of his-siu); tears, 

.\n<l Iwttleil with the shock of doom 
To sha|x: anil um;. 

Neillur the graces of solitude and meditation nor the 
capacity for intrigue and di])lomacy which characterize 



Address of Mr. Tau'ncy\ of Minnesota 165 

more complex matters can explain his power. His creed 
was simple ; his life was filled with usefulness, and no 
Gibraltar rock ever stood more firmly on its broad base 
than he. 

In politics he was guided b\- the sublime feeling of his 
part\', and he possessed that essence of all the ^•irtues — 
sincerit}-. Methinks I hear that gruff apostle of sincerit\-, 
Thomas Carlyle, mutter from his tomb, "I care not what 
creed a man professes, so he be sincere." The truth is, 
our departed champion ser\-ed his friends and his country 
with ever\- throb of his might\' brain, and this was nowhere 
so well illustrated as the wa\- he took defeat. He knew 
when he was whipped. Incapable of shaping his judgment 
merel}- to suit the currents of popular opinion, he was, 
nevertheless, of all men, quick to abandon his own private 
position and adopt the plans of his party when once they 
had prevailed. He was, again, the common-sense business 
man in politics, content to do his best both as counselor 
and as committeeman for the cause he had espoused. 

And where, in the history of America, have two men 
stood so closely and beautifully together through a period 
of so many years as Mark H.\xxa and William McKinley? 
In the presence of the mart\red President, H.\xxa was 
always charmed and chastened. That friendship buoyed 
up his spirit in dark and trying hours. Thinking over 
their splendid loyalty, we find ourselves suddenly mindful 
of that other friendship, immortal in Hebrew legend and 
song — the friendship of Jonathan and David. "Then Jon- 
athan and Da\-id made a covenant, because he loved him 
as his own soul. * * * Then said Jonathan unto 



1 66 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will e\en do it for 
thee." 

Here, if anywhere in the world, were two souls knit to- 
gether by a common idea of manly living and the common 
conviction as to wise and beneficent political policies. 
More forceful, perhaps, than his more honored friend. 
H.^XNA had devoted himself without reserve to the other's 
political interests, and by a "stoop, of the soul, in bending 
nprai.ses it, too," accomplished his generous task. At the 
time of that awful calamit\' which laid the President low 
upon his bier, Hann.\ suffered a wound from which he 
never recovered. It aged him perceptibly; and let us hope 
that those two modest, daring champions have entered into 
that perfect friend.ship of all the good and great. 

I can not clo.se my remarks without saying that I prt>- 
foundly admire H.\XN.\'.s simple .solution of the labor situ- 
ation of to-day. He believed in organization on both sides 
of that question. He was, perhap.s, the first great indus- 
trial leader to organize, in 1879, a coal operators' union. 
It was his way of meeting the union of miners; but he 
believed from the fir.st that such organizations should be 
undertaken, not in the interest of capital on the one side 
and in the interest of labor on the other, but on both sides 
f<ir "the mutual benefit of the employer and iIk- iiiiployee." 

It is the (iolden Rule applied to industrial relations. 

In the later years of his life, when approached liy the 
olficers of the Civic Federation for aid in .settling labor 
controversies, it was this simple practice and aim which 
apiK-aled to his judgment and won his suppirl. The 
])e<iple of .Vmerica all know how \alualili- were his direct 



Address of Mr. Tan'iiey, of Minnesota 167 

efforts, guided by this rule, in settling industrial disputes. 
In the February number of the National Magazine he is 
reported as saying: 

I am finally convinced that it (the Civic Federation, whose motto is the 
Golden Rule ) is the object to which I desire to consecrate the remaining 
years of my life. * * * i am sure that the American people will 
sustain a policy, based upon the highest moral and social impulses, which 
will eliminate the passionate prejudices that now exist between capital 
and labor. 

I know of but one standard by which to judge the 
wisdom of any philosophy — " by their fruits }-e shall 
know them;" and in all the literature of social theory I 
find but one theory of human action which is at once 
adeqiiate and practical, the theory that conduct shotild 
aim at and realize the common good of all concerned. 
In the greatest of all poems of the nineteenth centur\- 
and the most philosophical poem of all literature Goethe 
represents Faust as setting out upon the search for a 
moment of complete happiness. Mephistopheles agrees 
to bring him to such a moment. The\' have formed a 
contract, signed in blood. If Mephisto succeeds, Faust 
will surrender his soul as a forfeit. The devil tries him 
with the love of a woman, then with wealth, then with 
art and culture, then with power and influence in the 
state. 

From each experience Faust turns away disappointed; 
but at last, when he has grown old and weary of failure, 
he becomes alxsorbed in draining a marsh and turning it 
into a public park. It is a labor for the good of the 
public in which he has abandoned forever the hope of 
satiating his own Titanic passions, and behold ! to his 



i68 Life and Character of Afarciis .1. Haiiita 

own amazement he is snpremely blest, profoimdly content. 
In joy he cries out to the moment when he sees his task 
complete, "Oh, still delay — thou art so fair." Mephi.s- 
topheles at once claims the forfeit of Faust's soul, but all 
in vain. Faust has wrought his own sahation in an 
humble effort to uplift the world. 

Let us believe lliat in lliis .simple faith lies the .sohuit)n 
of all our problems. Let us hope that with education and 
social progress a glad day may dawn when all men may 
live by this creed. We find, sir, in the life of the late 
Senator H.wn.v an example of the wisdom of iliai ancient 
Nazarene who .said: "Except a corn of wheal fall into the 
ground and die, it abideth alone; l)ut if it die, it bringeth 
forth nuich fruit." We are glad that we knew ISL\RCrs A. 
H.\XN.\, and we are thankful for the memor)- in whose 
ample courts the dead become our sceptered sovereigns, 
whose spirits rule us from their tombs. 



Address of Mr. Be idler, of Ohio 169 



Address of Mr. Beidler, of Orao 

Mr. Speaker: It is probable that my acquaintance with 
the late Senator H.\nn.\, commencing as it did over thirty 
\-ears ago, was a longer acquaintance than that enjoyed by 
an^• other ^Member of the House. And living in the same 
district with him, and being engaged in the same business 
avocation as he, we were freqnenth- thrown together in 
business matters long before he gave any great attention to 
politics. In January, 18S5, over nineteen vears ago, he 
submitted to me a proposition to enter into business rela- 
tions with him, which, however, was never consummated. 
In July of 1900, after the national convention held in Phil- 
adelphia, and after I had received the nomination for Con- 
gress, I called on him at his office, and he gave me the 
warmest and most cordial welcome, saying that he would 
assist me in every wa}- in his power, which he did, and 
upon my election he assisted me in all matters pertaining 
to the district which I have the honor to represent. My 
recollections of Senator Haxx.\ are of the most kindly 
character. 

I will leave it for others, whose eloquence better fits 
them to do so, to speak of Senator Hann.\'s achievements 
in business and public life. I shall pay m\- humble tribute 
to him as a man of many sterling qualities of heart and 
brain, for he was a man of heart as well as of brain. The 
same qualities that contributed to his success in business 
life made him a strong and commanding figure in national 
public life. To those who had known him only since his 



170 Life and Cliaractcr of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

memorable part in the nomination and election of the late 
and lamented President McKinley, Mr. Haxna's rise 
seemed almost meteoric. But his was not a comet-like 
flight upward. From early manhood he was an active 
political worker. He did not spring from business life into 
successful political life with one bound. He started at the 
bottom of the ladder, working in the wards and piecincts 
of Cleveland as the ward and precinct workers work to-daj-. 
It was there that he learned the rudiments of politics, and 
there that he learned the lessons which contributed so 
largeK' to his success in the great arena of national politics. 
He learned to know and to understand men. 

Senator H.\nn.\ was a fighter. His business as well as 
his public life was one long fight. He was a man who 
preferred defeat after fighting to victory gained by the 
tricks and wiles of demagoguery. His political life was 
largeK a repetition of his business life. His methods of 
reaching results were the .same. He made enemies right 
and left, but while these enemies hated him, they al.so feared 
him, and at the same time admired him. They admired in 
him the very qualities that made them his enemies, and 
when he was called to the life bexond there was not one 
who did not grieve deeply and sincerely. Senator H.\nn.\ 
made enemies because he was a .strong man; and when a 
man, esjx'cially in public life, is .strong he arou.ses strong 
enmities. .\ man can afford to have enemies if they ad- 
mire him. The .same qualities that made enemies for 
.Senator H.wna likewise nuide him friends. No man liad 
more loyal friends. 

Senator Hanna was conservative. He believed in tread- 



Address of Mr. Bcidlcr^ of Ohio 171 

ing the paths that were tried and safe. His warning to the 
people of this conntry to " stand j^at " was not a warning to 
stand still. His now famous " stand pat " meant that the 
people should continue to enforce those policies that have 
brought peace and prosperity to the land and happiness to 
the people. In his public and in his business career he 
never stooped to the tricks of the demagogue. Demagog- 
uery he fought as he would have fought a pestilence. In 
seeking public favor he never pandered to public prejudice 
and passion, but fought to overcome that prejudice. 

Senator Haxna was a leader, and that statement needs 
no corroborative testimon\ from me. He was a leader 
because he had strength of purpo.se and strength of char- 
acter and because he had the implicit confidence, not onlv 
of tho.se who were his friends, but of those who were 
opposed to him. 

As I have said. Senator Hanna was a man of heart as 
well as of brain. His heart was big and it was tender. 
Strong himself, he sympathized with the weak. No friend 
of Senator Hanna ever had a better and truer friend than 
Senator Hanna. He would fight for his friend's honor as 
quickly, and perhaps more quickly, than for his own honor. 
He sympathized with and extended a helping hand to those 
who were in distress or suffering. 

.Senator Hanna has gone, but his influence will remain 
and continue to grow with us. As a man he has left an 
impress for good upon all with whom he came in contact. 
As a public citizen he has left an impress for good upon 
the entire country. The world is better because he lived 
in it, and more can not be said of anv man. 



172 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 



Address of Mr. BKia. of Indiana 

Mr. Speaker: M.^rcis A. H.\xna is dead. Another 
g^reat man in tlie zenith of his fame and power of j^ood has 
reached his journey's end. 

Again in the marvel of life we are standing rapt and 
helpless in the presence of the profoundest niysten.- of human 
destinv — death — the precipice that marks the deepest, dark- 
est traged\-, the end of each and all. 

Our friend has gone, and on its ragged edge we stand in 
listening love, waiting for the sound of a voice that comes 
l)ack onlv in the trouble of the waves that break upon the 
fretful shore. . 

But to nie the greatest mystery is life. 

The flower unfolds in bursting bud and falling leaf. 

It lingers for a while in sweet perfume, to fade away and 
then to bloom again. 

What shall we do? What words can we say? 

There is the sunsliim. and beauty, a glad song in the sky. 
the bee's (juict luun of rich content in a wealth of sweet- 
ness, and then the cruel tliorn, many struggles, the lorn 
flesh, and a tear. 

There comes a far cry, a tree falls in the forest dim and 
dusk, the flower is crushed, and over the d<Jbris the world 
moves on. 

Itui ilie fragianie of llu- llnwcr th.it li;i> been will forever 
hang mund the hearts llial will be. 



Address of Mr. Brick, of Indiana 173 

The gxave is the mother of universal pain and every 
human sorrow, but in its m}-sterious depths it also cradles 
the birth of e\-ery high resolve and the love of bird, and 
beast, and man. 

Again the mystery — in the alchemy of life the rainbow 
of infinite love is only seen through the moisture of a tear. 

How unutterably barren and cheerless would this world 
be without its monumental grave, without the huge and 
thoughtful silence of all its mighty dead. 

The stringless lyre, the voiceless songs immortal, the}' fill 
the halls of memory with their harmonies, wondrous sweet 
and kind, that tell of all that is and of all that man would 
like to be. They tell us of all the noble doings, the joys and 
sorrows, the ecstacies and grief, the agonizing frailty, and 
the victories of all the good and great since time began. 

They sound the sublimest symphony that was ever 
touched and played upon the harp of a thousand strings in 
the love of hearth and home and wife and child and friend. 

And we are bom again to nobler things in the longings 
of a softened heart. 

Yes; it is too true. M.\rk Hann.a. has left us, after hav- 
ing enriched the world with an honest, faithfiil, sincere life, 
to return no more. 

He needs no words for fame, no apologies for rest. 

He grandly fought and serenely died in the full fruition 
of his highest powers and noblest thought, in the splendid 
harvest time of the nation's greatness. 

He lived to see the end of all he had worked for and 
dreamed of. 

He lived lono- enouo-h to watch the shadows fall at noon 



1 74 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

by the bedside of his dearest friend, the nation's martyred 
hero, the kindest, gentlest, tenderest memory of the world, 
the idol of his manh- heart, and the type and flower of an 
American Christian gentleman. 

With him he had lived to see the cnlmination of all their 
hopes, financial stability, exalted citizenship, American vic- 
tory, expanded glor>-, and commercial snpremacy. 

McKinley's gentle spirit took its flight, his tronbles ended 
then, and in the dnsk of twilight Mark Hanna wandered 
on a while, with a great burden pressing down his heart, 
till at last he, too, fell asleep. 

And now his labor's o'er. 

They have joined each other, through the darkne.ss and 
in the dawn, beyond the mystery of life and death. 

And we are left to pa\- a tribute to ourselves in the laurel 
wreath we place upon their tomb. 

Death is always sad, and in its pathos comes the thought — 
after all his struggles and his triumphs, his kind acts, illus- 
trious deeds, the things done and the things he would have 
liked to do — why could not he have remained with us \ct 
a little longer, in the deserved praise and friendly admira- 
tion of the many millions of his fellow-men who loved him 
living, and who lo\e him now, with head bowed down in 
speechless grief for their gowl friend gone. 

Honesty, sincerity, and manly courage are the pillars of 
the State. 

No true work was ever wasted, and since the world began 
no tnie life has ever failed. 

It is an eudle.ss thread nnming tlirough all eternity. 



AddnsA of Mr. Bricks of Indiana 175 

The spirits of men never die; they live forever, and walk 
abroad forever among the children of men. 

If yon fail, yon wrong evervbody. 

If yoTi fill yonr niche and fill it well, \o\\ are a hero. 

And in the precursored fnlfilhnent of life's problems there 
are no degrees of heroism. 

In the immortality, of hmiian achievement there is no 
death for an honest faithfnl life. 

There ne\'er was a grave dng to smother in its bosom 
the snnbeam of a heart throb. 

There never will be a night black enough to enshroud 
the luster of a star-led thought. 

Even,- brave and loyal act presses Time so close it dulls 
his busy scythe. 

And ■M.A.RK H.A.NN.A. filled his niche complete. 

He was a loved and loving man, sympathetic, upright, 
and absolutely honest. 

In the precious thoughts, the noble images, and the 
spotless character left behind, he has given to the world 
the richest, rarest legac\' of any man's work and worth. 

He was faithful to ever\- trust of life — true to him.self 
and friend. And above all that he has done which mav 
live after him, he possessed the one great elemental \'irtue 
that makes men eternal. 

He was part of the universe, brother of the air, the sea, 
the soil, and every man, however humble, was his brother. 

His brain was warmed b\' the rich red blood from the 
heart. 

And he had a heart to feel and know that all flesh and 



176 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

blood are hiunan; that each i)oor, stnigglinjj^ soul has the 
same hopes, the same joys and sorrows, and that their 
hearts \earn for friendship and bleed at scorn and con- 
tumely the same as his — a heart that beat in sympathy 
willi c\x-r\- liunuui Ik-Iul,^ ihat toils witli arm or Ijraiii. 

'I'lirouj^h all his days it was oak and "stainless to the 
core." 

Through all his days and nights it thro1)bed for the ])oor 
and weak. 

.\nd on this blessed da\- we consecrate to him, all over 
the broad land, in a million lowly homes, M.\kk H.wna's 
name is spoken soft and low by men and women who work 
for bread — he was their friend. 

Mr. Speaker, after all is said and done, in the far^iff 
mv.stical future, that will be his chiefest glor)-. 

Some day the subtle influence of his name will be a 
potent .spell to Ijring together in tenns of under.sUmding 
and bonds of ]>eace the lives of men who will work for 
each other in wedded harmony. 

He was a man of splendid courage. 

Honesty and sinceritv' refn.sed to beml the su])pliant 
knee in deceiving utterance, and that bred conflict. 

Bitter conflict born of passion and ])rejudice, as old as 
the great round world, the heritage of every great man. 

Some men are tall enough to cast a lengthening shadow 
far bcvond the hori/on of their little day. 

Cireat enough to be maligueii and misunilersloiKl in 
their generation. 

Hrave and strong enough to becoun. the target for the 
envenomed .shafts of enw, malice, and human littleness. 



Address of Mr. Brick, of Iiidiaiici i-j-j 

Virtuous aud broad enough to inflame the jealous heart 
of all the meanly wise and feebly good with impotent 
slander. 

But the gra\'e ends all. 

The rust of steel mingling with pathetic dust to nourish 
the vines and flowers that kindly cluster around the tomb 
of a worthy man. 

No man must be measured by an act or a \-ear. 

He should be measured b}- his whole life, by the tend- 
ency not of a day, but of all. 

Struggle as we may to peer into the future we are but 
finite. 

As to the ultimate judgment of greatness in anv man, 
time and events are the final arbiters. 

All we can do now — all that we care to do now in our 
affection is to cover his resting place with the flowers of our 
continuing friendship, to pay to his greatness, as we know 
it, the tribute of an appreciation that lives beyond the grave. 

He was a great leader, a man of superb executive abilit\-. 

But I shall always remember him best for the splendid 
qualities of his heart. 

Honesty, sincerity, and friendship filled the life of all who 
knew him with sunshine. 

He was successful in everything he undertook, but monev 
could not spoil him, nor fame and power per\-ert him. 

He believed, through ven,- instinct, that a kind act was 
brighter than gold, more enduring than the stars. 

He believed that in the cross and crown of life and death 
we are nearer to God as we draw closer to man. 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 12 



178 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

That there is 110 pearl ever boni in the deep sea's deepest 
mystery-, no snn-def>ing crest that ever hiingf on beant>'s 
brow, no star that lij^ht's the wanderer's path of doubt and 
fear, no word of praise, no sparkling gem of jeweled joy, 
that could ever vie with the light of a friendly eye, with the 
luster of the moistening drop that lingers down a manly face 
for another's sorrow. 

Fame ina\' die in a day. Init the heart it will li\e on for- 
ever. 

He was a kindl\-, loving, generous, manh' man, true to 
life, true down totlic very gates of night. My friend Harr\' 
S. Chester, of Indiana, has beautifull\- written a little poem 
that tells in simple pathos of the parting of two great men — 
of a parting in the purple twilight on the ever-widening 
shore, where the stream of Hann.\'s life was emptying in 
the sunset sea. 

A FEW WORDS FROM THE HE.\RT 

Mv De.\r Mr. President: You touched a tender sjxit, old man, when 
vou called personally to inquire after me this a. ra. I ma r be worse before 
I can be Ixftter, but all the same such "drops" of kindness are good for a 
fellow. 

Sincerely, yours, M. .\. IIanna. 

Dear Sen.^Tok: lndee<l it is your letter from yom- sick bed which is 
touching— not my visit. May you very soon lie with us again, old fellow, 
as strong in Ixnly and as vigorous in your leadership and your friendship 
as ever. 

Haitlifullv. vours. Theoimjre Rcxjsevei.t. 

You toucheil a liiuler sixit. olil man, you touched a lender spot; 
These little drops of kinilness help a fellow out a lot, 
(iod bless the sweet ex])ression, for it came from out the heart, 
With all the ileep ufTection that a frieinlship can im|iurt. 



Address of Mr. Brick, of Indiaiia . 179 

God bless you, dear old fellow, for you struck a tender chord, 
As true in wealth of beauty as our human hearts afford. 
May }'OU be with us years to come is all I wish for you, 
My dear old fellow, from a friend, most faithfully and true. 

How grand if all the world were blest with such a human strain, 
How many hearts o'erburdened now would have surcease from pain; 
"Old fellow" and "old man," ah, these expressions from the soul. 
Would drive out bitterness and hate and put love forever in control. 

The world, our country, is greater and grander in hi.s life, 
and we hi.s friend.s are braver, better, truer, kindlier men in 
his death. 



1 80 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Lovefino, of MASSACHusEns 

Mr. Speakkr: No man jfocs out of the world alone. A 
thousand souls take flight at once, yet is each transfigured 
in his own sphere, and we stand transfixed, some gazing up 
whence he is gone, .some looking only at the place made 
vacant. Even.' great man wlio dies makes death easier for 
those who follow. 

vSeneca .said : " He is a great man who is willing to die 

when life is pleasant to him." 

How long shall a man live 'tis not for him to know' 
How well shall a man live is all his own to show. 

The greatest solace in the loss of our friends is that we 
ha\e had them. And .sweet memory forbids that we should 
bury our friendships ali\e in the graves of our friends. 

All that was mortal of M.vrk Haxna has been borne 
away out of sight, but the immortal lingers and abides in 
our hearts. His sphere was not limited by State or nation ; 
it embraced all mankind. We had not to wait for death 
to sanctify. Long before it came he had made his record. 
Men had come to know his worth, and the fitting words of 
eulogy that have since been spoken but voiced the thoughts 
lliat were already in our mind.s. 

Tho.se will) knew liini best .saw in him a l)ig-hearted 
man witli red blood, whose e\ery impulse was genuine, 
whose every thought was clean, whose even' act was 



Address of Mr. Lovcrinff, of Massachusetts i8t 

generous, and whose public life was a model of American 
patriotism. 

Though coming late into the political world, he brought 
a large business experience and a ripe judgment to his new 
field of labors. Untrammeled b\- hackneyed convention- 
alities, he cut loose from old political methods and hewed 
out a new path to victory. He sought his ends by direct- 
ness and not by subterfuge. He was accomplished in the 
arts of persuasion and w'on votes through con\-iction. 

\Va.s he your friend? Then well you knew 
His friendship was unfeignedly true; 
And no reservation mocked the relation. 

It may not be said that he was faultless, but it can be 
said that he was never false. He may have erred, but all 
the world lo\-es and forgives the man whose great human 
sympathies at times o'ertop and swa)- his judgment. 

And now we .say that he is dead. What do we mean ? 
Only that he has taken the one short step from earth to 
heaven. One short step from life to life eternal. One 
short step from the mortal to the immortal. The one short 
step that sooner or later must be taken by one and all. 



1 82 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Smith, of Illinois 

Mr. Speaker: Life comes to us without our asking, and 
that peaceful sleep which, with all the wisdom of the ages, 
we have not yet been able to fully solve or look upon with- 
out some lingering dread or heart quiverings, and which, 
for want of a better or more expressive term, we call 
"death," will come to all, whether we crave its coming or 
try to ward it off. 

To all intelligent existence it seems there is some life 
work, great or small, for each to jx-rform. Prominence 
is achieved by many in various walks of life. Some grow 
great in war, others in statesmanship, others in diplomacy, 
others in ecclesiastical fields, others in science and the arts, 
others in the business world, and still others in what is 
sometimes termed the "humbler walks of life;" but in all 
and througli all there seems to be an eternal funess of 
things, and we can not avoid, lr\ it ilu)ugh wi- nun, the 
feeling and conviction thai all our life work, energies, and 
efforts are in some manner unknown to us; in some mys- 
terious way, at least, influenced if not marked out for all. 

During my tenns of ser\ ice in Congress our flag has on 
various occasions floated at half-mast over the Cajiilol 
building. During this time twcnt\ Senat<irs, one \"ice- 
Presidenl, and eighty Members of ihc lower Hou.se lia\e 
answered the last roll call, fallen al their post of <luly while 



Address of Mr. Siiiil/t, of ///ii/ois 1S3 

serving their country and constituencies in their respective 
capacities. Some of them thus falling asleep with their 
official robes about them had achieved such prominence as 
to have become world known; others had acquired national 
reputations, and still others are remembered for their hard 
\\ork and splendid results in a more hund^le and limited 
sphere ; but all have received the encomiums of their peo- 
ple and words of commendation and praise from their 
colleagues in the halls of Congress. Each one has filled 
with credit the little space allotted him, and their memories 
are cherished by an appreciati\e people and the friends 
the}- knew in life. 

•On the ■[4th day of September, 1901, our flag fell to half- 
mast by reason of the death of President McKinley, taken 
from us by the hand of an as.sassin, we know not wh)-, at 
what appeared to be the noontide of his usefulness. He left 
us mourned by the nations of earth and loved h\ the people 
of our whole country ; but his works live after him, and his 
memory will be cherished in the hearts of his countrymen 
for all time. McKinley lived through periods of history 
making, and his name is written, in words which can 
ne\-er be effaced, on the brightest pages of the histor}- 
of those times. When his bod)- was being carried to and 
tenderly placed in its windowless apartment at Canton, Ohio, 
business throughout the entire country ceased and silence 
reigned. No grander evidence of the feelings of the great 
heart of this nation has ever before been exhibited. He left 
an example of honor, integrity, unswerving devotion to duty, 
and an exalted patriotism worthy of the commendation and 
emulation of all. Throughout the future histor\- of this 



184 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

countn- the inemon- of William McKinley will live — live 
ill the hearts of our people, unbesmirched and unsullied, and 
his acts, works, and efforts will stand as beacon lights to 
which others may look with profit in the days to come. 

February 15, 1904, our flag again floated at half-mast as 
the whispered words were passed from lip to lip that "Sena- 
tor Marcus A. Haxxa is dead." Self-made, as we call it, 
Senator Hanxa's life was a busy one. Born in Xew 
Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, September 24, 1837, he 
forged his wav by honest effort and hard work to business 
prominence in a busy world. He attained wealth In honest 
effort, business intelligence, and level-headed sagacity. He 
accomplished this not by pulling others down, but by ap|>ly- 
ing business principles and availing himself of the opportu- 
nities which his countr^■ afforded. What Senator Haxx.\ 
did in a business way others with the .same energy and per- 
.severance may accomplish in this grand Commonwealth of 
ours. By his indomitable energ\- and untiring efforts he 
l)uilded a business monument in life around which his 
thousands of employees have cast their garlands of approba- 
tion, and over the cold sods which cover liis remains to-<lay 
they are dropping their tears of sympathy and expressing 
tlieir regrets that one of their warmest friends has passed 
away. 

While always actiw in politics in a limited sense, yet 
not until 1K96 did he take such ]>art in ]Hilitical affairs as 
to make him a national character and a prominent figure in 
]>olitical life; but from the time of his selection as chairman 
of till Kepiiblican national connnittee Senator Haxxa'.s 
name was known throughout tlu- world. .\ Republican 



Address of Air. Smithy of Illinois 185 

from principle, he stood unhesitatingly, unswer\ingly, and 
uncompromisingly for the success of the policies of his 
party, believing fully, as no one now questions he did, that 
the success of these policies were better calculated to 
advance, build up, foster, and improve the conditions of our 
people and countr}' than were the policies advocated by any 
other part}' seeking success at the hands of the voters. He 
devoted his time and great abilities to the advancement of 
those principles and achieving siiccess for the policies which 
with all his heart and force he ad\-ocated. Our country 
to-dav has a brilliant record of the success achieved under 
his guidance and masterful management. 

Many may envy his accomplishments, but does anyone 
now doubt the sincere and earnest belief he entertained in 
the benefits which would accrue from the success of the 
principles he advocated? The American people are noted 
for doing justice to ability, intelligence, and principle, even 
though the meed of praise may for a time be deferred, and 
to-day Senator Hanna's memor}' receives the reward of 
praise which his life work deserves. 

I often feel that 'twoiild be better far to cheer by words 
of praise and encourage by acts of commendation the efforts, 
work, and accomplishments of friends while yet they tread 
the paths of life, struggling and laboring in the interest of 
all, than wait till after their life work is completed and then 
scatter flowers o'er their windowless tombs and laud their 
virtues, their abilities, their labors, and their patriotism, 
when their ears are closed to all the sounds of enconiums 
and praises which then, and so often only then, are ex- 
pressed. 



i86 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

No one is perfect ; all ha\e their faults, their failing^s, 
their shortcomings. We do not exi^ect perfection here, and 
since this is tlie universal law the mantle of charity should 
be borne by ever>- individual, ready at all times to be thrown 
about the shoulders of anyone when criticism or calunniy 
is directed against him before he exercises the right to seri- 
ously criticise or impugn the motives of his friend. Before 
criticising, would it not be more generous and eminenth' 
more charitable to hesitate and say, " I may be mistaken ; 
he may be right ; before passing judgment I will investi- 
gate?" And after this is done we all can say, " 'Twas 
better far to take this course than wait till after death to 
detennine, and then strew flowers of eloquence o\er the cold 
and cheerless apartment to which we have consigned the 
body of our friend." 

As wanderers in a world which, in the light of develo]> 
ing science and discoveries, is as yet but little known, 
something continuously whispers to our inner selves that 
" 'Tis not the whole of life to live, nor all of death to die." 
Into each life, whether among the civilized or uncivilized, 
there comes a feeling, bidden or unbidden, some longing 
for a future, .some kind of a conscious existence after the 
walls of earth's chaniel house are broken down. Shall we 
say that this is bul a dream? If l»it a dream, why should 
our intelligence be always haunted with it? I prefer to 
believe that instead of dreams such feelings are realities, 
in.spireil by thai part of our Ix-ing which to mortal ken is 
yet unknown. 

TIk niy.stery of life has ne\er yet been fully .solveti ; j)er- 
haps 'tis belter ihu.s. A veil is hanging 'Iwixl this and 



Address of Mr. Siiiitli, of Illinois 187 

that we know not of, tliroti<rli which we can not look and 
feast onr eyes on visions ])e>-ond, bnt s^lintino-s reach ns at 
every turn in life and leatl ns on in thon.^ht, with hope 
which linj^erin^ly looks and Idnjj^-inf^rh- waits for some 
bright rays, nntil we feel that at some time, somewhere, 
and in some sphere, which as yet we can not explore, we'll 
meet ag^ain the wanderers who ha\e glided from ns here. 
Wa)' we not still fondly lio])e that as earth's beantifnl 
visions fade and what we now call death has kissed onr 
eyelids down, we are then bnt entering a brighter s])here 
and higher existence than tliis, where we are now en\'eloped 
b}- shadows and all onr paths are sprinkled with onr tears? 
From earth's life Senator Hanxa has disappeared. His 
sphere in life was well filled; liis dnties well, faillifnlK, 
honestly, and lionorabK- performed. The world is better 
for his having li\-ed in it. He worked for the betterment 
and npbnilding of mankind, and, as he said, was read\' to 
devote the remainder of his life to the working out of the 
great questions of labor and capital, which will still be vex- 
ing subjects for years to come; but it was not given him to 
continne and complete this work. He ontli\ed the slnrs 
and \itnperations wliich in the earlier part of his aclixe 
political career had been hnrled at and heaped njjon him, 
and to-day partisan ])()litics are hnshed as with liowed 
heads, intelligent men, niendxTs of one of the greatest 
legislative bodies of any government on earth, honiid 
together with the warmest feelings of friendship, inspired 
h\ love of patriotism, alwa\s read\- and willing to recognize 
real merit wherever foinid, and ever commending noble 
aspirations, join hanfl and heart in offering their tribtUe of 



i88 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

respect to his menion- and coinmendiug his earnest, unself- 
ish, and patriotic life work to those who come after him. 

Peace to his ashes! Honor to his integrity, his ability, 
his sterling manhood ! He left ns mourned by an apprecia- 
tive people. May we all profit by his example. 

While to Senator H.\xx.\ we t(>da\- ntter our faltering 
good-by, } et when the sunburst of eternity dawns upon us, 
we hope, we expect, and we belie\-e that somewhere, at 
some time, and in some higher sphere we'll meet again. 



Address of Mr. Kyle., of Ohio 189 



Address of Mr. Kyle, of Omo 

Mr. Speaker : There is, it is said, "a tide in the affairs of 
men which taken at the flood leads on to fortune." Many 
of us are painfully reminded that with the tide the oppor- 
tunit}- passes awa}- like ships that pass in the night, unseen, 
unheard, never to return again. Mr. H.\nna, while a young 
man, active, energetic, obseiA-ant, and watchful, saw his 
opportimity, recognized it, seized it, used it, and with it 
rode the tide at its flood from humble surroundings to the 
exalted place that he held in the hearts of the whole Amer- 
ican people ; and while on the highest wave of his popu- 
larity, the waters receded from under him and he was buried 
from our sight forever. Over his faults all are content to 
spread the mantle of charity, but his good deeds are the 
heritage of the whole people, share and share alike. 

I did not know him intimateh', but well. I first knew 
him personalh- in 1896 at the St. Louis convention, and 
met him often, always, however, in matters of politics, from 
that time on. I took part, in a humble ■ft'ay, in his memo- 
rable campaign for the United States Senate, when the will 
of the people was triumphant after a most prolonged and 
exciting effort. His rise in politics and his preeminent 
position in the aft'airs between capital and labor was from 
that time uninterrupted. 

His last campaign was not onh- brilliant, but the most 
marked personal and political \indication of a man in 



igo Life and Character of Marcus A. Hainia 

American politics. His majority, as shown by election of 
the members of the gfeneral assembly, exceeded by many 
thousands the majority over the Democratic candidate for 
governor, being almost unanimous. His friends were fear- 
ful of his exertions, lest he might not be able to bear up 
imder the strain ; but the same energy that had marked his 
whole career was called into exercise, but the effort was too 
much. His work was done. The end had come ; and may 
his good deeds ever live as an inspiration to America's 
youth and the possibilities to be obtained under our great 
free institutions. 



Address of Mr. Morgan^ of Ohio 191 



Address of Mr. Morgan, of Orao 

Mr. Speaker : To the tributes which are paid to the 
memory of one of the most distinguished of American citi- 
zens permit me to add a word expressive of my admiration 
for his character and my deep respect for him as a man. 
It is not my purpose to review his life. That has already 
been accurately and eloquently done by those who knew 
him intimately and well. " Paint me as I am," said Oliver 
Cromwell while sitting to young Lely. " If }'ou leave out 
the scars and wrinkles I will not pay you a shilling." 
Could ;\Ir. Hanna now speak to us he would indorse that 
request. Man}- lessons of wisdom may be learned from his 
successful and useful life. It was a remarkable life, a mar- 
velous career that the ceremonies of this day commemorate. 

Great intellectual power, a lofty aim and purpose, a rich 
nature, an enlightened conscience, perfect integrity, and a 
kind and tender heart won for Mr. Hanna, in a marked 
degree, the respect, confidence, good will, and admiration of 
the American people. His life and character are a striking 
illustration of the spirit, the tendencies, and the possibilities 
of free institutions. He was a great and good man, and his 
goodness was the crown of his greatness. He was great in 
intellect. A clear, discriminating, logical, and consecutive 
thinker, he grappled successfully with every political, social, 
and economic problem that claimed his attention. He was 



192 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

accustomed to collect and hurl his whole mental force 
against the citadels of truth, and carry them, as it were, b>' 
storm. 

With the capacity to master every situation completely, 
he had, in a rare degree, the ability to make his views con- 
vincingly clear to others. He was gifted with remarkable 
intellectual powers. He was great in word. He apjjealed 
to the intelligence, the judgment, the reason, and the con- 
science of his hearers, and his wise utterances always rose 
above prejudice, above passion. abo\e personal considera- 
tions, to the sublime heights of philosophy whose logic is 
invincible. Perhaps he was not an orator in the ordinar>' 
sense of the term. He never seemed to aim at rhetorical 
effect. Sincerity and earnestness characterized his words, 
and his delivery was at times impassioned and always 
clear, logical, and effective. He was the impersonation of 
tremendous will power. Sustained by an indomitable will, 
patiently, jiersistently, and jjerseveringlv in the face of 
disappointment and failure, Ik- bore his wa\' through great 
difficulties and accomplished great results. 

In times of uncertainty and doubt men were prone to 
gather around his strong will and draw insi)iratit)n and 
confidence from its imflinching .self-reliance. \\V)rds com- 
ing u]> I'ut of the heart and .sent forth willi a cummanding 
piiqx>se never failed to make a deep impre.ssion. With an 
unfaltering jiurpose he applied himself to every ta.sk, and 
only death it.self could subdue his overmastering will. He 
was great in what ma\' be termed "re])resenlati\e capac- 
ity." He became one of the exixments of the hojK-s, 
aspirations, and triiim])hani sentijuents of llie .American 



Address of Mr. Morgatt^ of Ohio 193 

people. It is a well-recognized truth that he who leads 
must follow. Mr. Hanna identified himself with certain 
ideas and convictions that were dominant in the minds of 
the people, and to them gave his life, his strength, his all. 
He was also gTeat in character. In ever}- relation of life 
he exhibited the traits of honesty, inflexible integrity, and 
a sacred regard for the rights of others. He was true to 
himself, trne to his friends, trne to country, and true to 
Christian civilization. His convictions were of the con- 
science enlightened by the judgment and reason, and were 
ne\-er surrendered for the sake of expedienc}*. He was a 
conspicuous example of that type of our great men who 
have been distinguished for the persistenc}- with which 
they have adhered to their convictions of justice, honor, 
and right. The grandest treasures of a republic are its 
manh- men, and in the death of Mr. Hanna the country' 
has suffered an irreparable loss. 

His life was gentle, and the elements 

So mix'd in him, that Nature might stand up 

And say to all the world, "This was a man! " 

Naturalists tell us that birds of paradi.se fly swiftest 
against the wind and gather strength from the opposing 
gale. When Mr. Hanna entered public life no man was 
more misunderstood, more underestimated, and more mis- 
represented, but the storm of abuse and vituperation only 
served to stimulate the growth and development of his 
intellectual and moral qualities. While his public career 
was comparatively brief, the power of originality and con- 
structive statesmanship, a progressive spirit, candor, and 
sincerity, tireless energy, a dauntless will, and noble deeds 
S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 13 



194 L.ife and Character of Marcus A. Hamta 

for conntn- and humanity, <i;a\e him a place amonij tlie 
foremost citizens of the- Republic. Because of what he 
was, because of what he represented, and because of what 
he did, the memory of this clean-handed, clear-minded, 
strong-hearted man will be forever enshrined in the hearts 
of his countrymen. 

His mortal remains rest in the bosom of the State he 
.ser\-ed so faithfulh- and loved so well, but his thoughts, 
words, and deeds, spirit and example will be reproduced in 
other sympathetic souls, let us hope, until the stars shall 
cease to twinkle and' steal away into eternal darkness and 
the earth it.self and man shall be no more. Mr. Hanna is 
not dead. Such men never die. He stepped into the skies 
at the clo.se of a life crowned with honor and usefulness. 

To live with fame 
The j;<xls allow to many, but to die 
With equal luster is a blessiiij; Heaven 
Selects from all her choicest boons of Fate, 
Aud with a sparing hand on few bestows. 



Address of Mr. Hildchraiit, of Ohio 195 



Address of Mr. Hildebrant. of Offlo 
Mr. Spe.\ker: 

As in nuiiiy groups they were busied in diverse occupations, some in 
games and others in work, the Master opened the door and with a smile 
beckoned to the leader of the busiest group, who, laying down his tools, 
went within and the door shut behind him. His comrades waited for 
him, and, finding that he came not, realized that that was death. 

It is said that centuries ago a pagan philosopher n.secl 
this ilhistration of what we call death, and — 

W.e have seen it occur in our midst that the Master came into the 
busiest group and beckoned the master of the group into the open door. 
He followed and the door shut. "God's finger touched him, and lie 
slept." 

The life of M.^RCrs Alonzo H.\xxa was a busy life. 
It teemed with happenings, both small and great. It was 
not, however, a career fashioned and formed bv the 
"changes and chances of this mortal life," but it was a 
career that from beginning to end shaped and directed not 
only the affairs of men, but itself as well ; that met and 
overcame obstacles ; that bra\-eh' encountered and mastered 
problems ; that mapped out its own course, and largely 
influenced the course of others. Ever\- minute of his life 
was occupied with thoughts and actions which had for 
their purpose the betterment of the condition of his fellow- 
men and of his coimtr}-, and his own success was inciden- 
tal to his unselfish efforts in behalf of others. He was a 
leader of men, and he came into this leadership solely by 
virtue of his demonstrated abilitv to lead. 

He became a great man. It has been said that " .some 
men are born great, some achieve greatne.ss, and .some have 



196 Life and Character of Marcus A. I /an mi 

greatness thnist upon them." That the j^eatness of Sen- 
ator Haxxa was achiexed there is no room for doubt. It 
was recognized, I belie\e, b)- even those who were wont to 
\iHify and caricature him, that he car\ed out his own career. 
He died in the midst of his labors, and still his work may be 
said to have been finished, for so thorough were his methods 
and so prompt his actions that he left little undone. 

To my mind MAkcts .\. H.\nn.\ was the ideal American 
citizen. It was through a se:l.se of duty that he entered 
actively into the political field. He might have ended his 
life's labors in the seclusion and i^eace of his home as a 
retired business man and ha\e held aloof from politics as 
fnjui .s(jmething contaminating, as, alas, do many of our 
successful business men, l)ul lie felt his place to be in the 
din and noi.se of life's battle, where he could use his great 
abilities in the right .settlement of political questions, as he 
had u.sed them in the business and social and ethical fields 
of his endeavors. His rise in the political arena was sul> 
stantial, though rapid, for it was the result of tlie apj)li- 
catioii of the methods that hroughi him his other successes, 
methofls that win success everywhere and under all condi- 
tion.s — straightforwardness, hone.sty, frankness, truth, and 
sincerity. 

The.se virtues were the warji and wiK)f of Makk H.\nx.\'s 
character, and linketi as they were to an indomitable will 
and a high purjjose, lhe\- made for the best tlial human 
nature can accomplish. 

Senator Han.n.v had no speciall\. He did all things 
well. And it was the aggregate of his aehie\ements that 
made him great, rather than any <me thing he did. He 



Address of Mr. Hildchrant^ of OJiio 197 

did things siniph- and without ostentation. He exercised 
his abilities quietly and unassumingly, yet he left the 
impress of his strong personality upon every thing or 
subject with which he came in contact. 

He had a bright, genial, sunny disposition, which com- 
pletely hid whatever disappointments came into his life. 
His friends loved him and his enemies had learned to 
respect him. He in turn loved his friends and despised not 
his enemies. This mutual lo\e was not platonic or feigned, 
nor was it s%'cophancy on the one side for favors granted 
or expected or, on the other side, a false profession of 
friendship, but it was real and true affection, as was evi- 
denced by the sincere grief of Senator Haxn.\'s hosts of 
friends when his earthh- life ended. The entire countrv, 
not much less than the vState of Ohio, mourns his takine 
away, and our feelings are akin to those we experienced 
when our lo\-ed ^NIcKinley was so ruthlessh- snatched 
from us. 

But, Mr. Speaker, it can not be that the bus\- and fruit- 
ful life of Marcus A. Hanxa is as a .story that is told. 
I belie\-e that, although his earthlv acti\-ities have cea.sed, 
he will li\'e on in the minds and hearts of men until the 
end of time as an exemplar of civic and political virtue 
and of personal rectitude of character; and I think that 
more than to an^■ others should he be to the Nounsr men 
of America an example of right living, as a business man 
and as a politician, as a statesman and as a friend, as a 
luLsband and as a father, for — 

His life was gentle, and the elements 

So mi.x'd in him, that Nature mijjht stand up 

-\nd sav to all the world, " This was a man! " 



19'*^ Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiiita 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee 

Mr. Speaker: In the Theta Delta Chi fraternity, to 
which I belong, when we assemble to bun,- a brother 
each one of iis deposits a flower upon his grave; and 
so here to-day where we have assembled to complete llic 
funeral ceremonies in honor of a man who in a larger 
sense was our brother, I come to put a flower of affection 
in that bouquet of love and respect we this day, in the 
name of the American people, deposit in the most sacred 
archives of this Capitol as a token of devotion to llie 
memory of Marcis Ai.onzo Hanna. 

I do not speMk of Senator Haxna as an intimate per- 
sonal friend. My relations to him were mainly political. 
Owing to some nuitual misunderstandings, our first 
acquaintance was hostile, but as soon as he understood the 
facts about which we differed he not ou]\ accorded to me 
all that I had contended for, but conceded more than I had 
the right to exjiect, and became my friend, and continued 
my friend down to his dealli. 

.SKN.\TOR IIAWA'S M AC.NANIM ITV 

.Such w;ls the magnanimit\- he displayed toward me that 
I at once felt that he was a truly great man and a truly 
g<«)d man, for he had almost unlimited i>o\ver in the 
matters aliout which we differed, antl a small-minded man 
or a l)ad-hearlcd man would have used his jxtwer to have 



• Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tennessee igg 

crushed me, whereas Senator Haxxa not only rii^hted tlic 
wrong he had done nie, but ga\'e me more than I con- 
tended for. The result was I soon learned to respect and 
honor him, and my regard grew as mv knowledge of him 
increased, until at the time of his death I had a respect and 
reverence for him greater than for any living man. 

When m\- troubles with vSenator Hanna over some 
appointments in my district began I carried my case to 
President McKinle)-. The President, after hearing me, 
said: "I am satisfied. You go to Senator Hanna and tell 
him what yon have told me, and he will do you right. You 
can trust him; he is a just man." I protested that Senator 
Hanna had been saturated with misinformation and was 
much prejudiced against me. The President replied: "I 
know him better than you do. He will do you justice." 
So I went again to Senator H.ann.a and found him the just 
man President McKinley had represented him. 

I mention these personal matters to illustrate the charac- 
ter of Senator Haxx.a. I am satisfied that the great power 
he wielded during the opening of INIcKinlev's first Admin- 
istration did not inflame his heart with pride or de\-elop the 
slightest traits of tyranu}-. 

oh, it is excellent 
To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous 
To use it like a giant. 

I wondered at first why Senator Hanna had been .so 
magnanimous. I confess I had not been accustomed to the 
chivalric magnanimity he accorded me. In my political 
warfare hitherto the only alternative was to cut down m\- 
adversary or be cut down by him in a conflict that knew 
neither truce nor surrender, and when Senator Hann.a. 



200 Life a)id Character of Marcus A. Hatiua 

con:edecl to nic what I was claiminj^, when I was absohiteh- 
in his power, I could hardly realize the fact. 

But as time rolled on, and I learned more of him from 
many sources, I realized that my contention had been witli 
a great and good man, who scorned to belittle himself be- 
taking advantage of his power, but rather took j)leasure in 
righting the wrong he had done. 

Great, therefore, was the personal blow I felt when the 
news came that Senator H.\xxa was dead, and the blow I 
felt tens of thousands of others felt, and a ])all of gloom 
overspread the whole land. One of the great lights in our 
coinitry's firmament had cea.sed to .shine, and in sorrow we 
all realized that the eclipse was forever, except in so far as 
its light was reflected on the pages of our country's history 
and in tlic liearts of his fellow-citizens ami in the admira- 
tion of all mankind. 



President McKinlcy and Senator HjVNNA were so clo.sely 
allied that, knowing McKinley's affection for H.\nna and 
his supreme confidence in his judgment and goodness, and 
knowing, too, H.\nn.\'s affection for his great chief, and his 
ab.solute loyally, when McKinley was .so suddenly and .so 
tragically cut off in the ver>' noonday of his greatness and 
glory, it seemed l<> uk- llial liis ])er.sonal mantle had fallen 
on the Titanic shoulders of Senator Hanna, and .-^o my 
regard and reverence fi»r him, already great, was much 
increased. 

I easil\ recall that jiathetic moment when, stretched on 
the painful bud of death at HutTalo, the dying McKinley, 
unable to see who was pre.sent in the room, called out, "Is 



Address of Mr. Gibson^ of Tennessee 201 

Mark here?" and how, when Senator Hanxa spoke to 
liini and laid his hand npon his head, the President seemed 
to feel relieved, and a smile of complacent satisfaction lit 
np his face and illnmined the room. 

And, as after Mr. McKinley's death the nation loved and 
honored him the more, so also the nation began to honor 
and love Hanna more. The sanctit)- that enveloped 
McKinley in the j^nblic estimation, transfiguring him into 
a sainth- hero after his martyrdom, shed its holiness and its 
glory npon McKinle^-'s greatest friend and closest political 
brother, nntil Haxna himself became the living represen- 
tative and successor of the dead McKinley and the per- 
petuator of his dvnast\-. 

And when he died it seemed not only that the great Ohio 
vSenator had fore\-er departed from our midst, but that the 
lingering spirit of McKinle\- had departed with him, and 
that a great era in our country's history, an era crowded 
with many and mighty events, changing our historv and 
the history and map of the world, an era more brilliant, 
more glorious, more magnificent, and more fruitful of 
mighty and beneficent consequences than an\- in our history 
since the days of Washington — it seemed to us all that 
with the death of ]\IcKinley and Hanna this stupendous 
and illustrious era had forever closed and the volume of 
the record thereof had been completed for all time. 

HANNA, HOBART, AND M'KINLEV, THE GREAT TRIUM- 

VIR.ATE 

How mighty, how magnificent, how thrilling, and }et 
how tragic, the pageant beheld by the American people 
since that day, only seven years ago, when McKinle\-, 



202 Life and Character of Marcus A. ffaitna 

Hobert, and Ha.nna first stood up in this Capitol to be 
crowned with the greatest political honors the greatest 
Republic of the world ever bestows. McKinley, Hobart, 
and Hanxa, a mighty triumvirate of patriots, onl\- seven 
short years ago here in our midst, encircled by the great 
men of our nation, full of life and joy and hope, the 
crowned conquerors in a tremendous political contest, the 
recipients of the plaudits of many millions of enthusiastic 
friends, happy in the wide prospect of almost unlimited 
power, inspired with great plans for the welfare of their 
party, the good of their country, and the happiness of 
mankind, the circumambient air balmy with the breath 
of millions of spring's fairest flowers, and tlie heavens 
reverberating with the applause of countless multitudes of 
men, the music of many martial bands, and the thvmder 
of cannons shouting their approbation. 

What a sublime event I Grand and spectacular enough 
to ha\e drawn to it the spirits of our patriot dead. .\nil 
now where are lhe.se three choice statesmen of our eonnlr\ 
and our generation? Where are McKinley, Holxut, and 
H.\NN.\? (ione, gone — forever gone ; gone like the sublime 
pageant tliat ushered in their inauguration — 

.\iiil, like Ihf liaseless fabric of this vision. 
The cloiiii-capp'il towers, the norjjeous jwilace^ 
The solemn temples, the great j;lul«-' itself, 
Yea, all which it inherit, shall clis.solve. 
And, like this insubstantial iiiiKeant failetl, 
lANive not a rack la-hin>l. 

r>ul lime continues, the seasons come and go, seed time 
and harvest follow each otliL-r in orderly succession, the 
Republic of our love survives, iIk- same (lod who has eared 



Address of Mr. Gibson, of Tctincssee 203 

for lis since the days of Washington still keeps watch and 
ward over us, other i^eat men are raised up to take their 
stand in the field of action and to occupy their seats in the 
halls of council ; and the eagle of Columbia soars and circles 
triumphantly above the Dome of the nation's Capitol, with 
unruffled feathers and steady wing, in an unclouded sky, 
bathed in the golden light of that sun he loves so well, his 
eye sweeping to ever_\' confine of the Republic, and his cry 
of supremacy challenged b}' no nation in all the world. 

HAXNA A NAPOLEON IN POLITICAL WARFARE 

Senator Hanxa was a politician, but a politician in the 
largest sense. He brought to politics the practical methods 
of business. He organized his part\- as it was never organ- 
ized before, and it was this organization that brought ^■ic- 
tory to his side. And when we consider that this organi- 
zation covered a continent and embraced 45 States and 
70,000,000 people, we ha\'e some slight conception of the 
magnitude of the undertaking. 

So mar\-elously fitted was he b)- nature and In' training 
and In- inclination to head the great arm\- of protection 
and sound money in the tremendous conflict with the 
legions of free sih'er and free trade that he seemed created 
and commissioned and inspired for the leadership. Truh' — 

We are but as the instruments of Heaven; 
Our work is not design, but destinv. 

The battle waged b)- the contending hosts in 1896 was 
the most stupendous ever fought in the political world. 
Senator Hanna's opponents numbered over 6,000,000 \ot- 
ing men, all acti\-e, patriotic, and enthusiastic Americans, 



204 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

drilled by captains skilled in political warfare, marshaled 
for the conflict by veteran leaders, and captained by a 
political Henry of Xavarre whose energy was sublime, 
whose confidence seemed inspired by a destiny, whose 
splendid personality fired his followers witli an enthusiasm 
akin to frenzy, and whose talents and genius magnetized 
all who met or heard him. 

For four months the battle raged. F'ort\-fi\'e States, 
some of them equal to nations in territory and population, 
were the battle fields, and a whole continent the general 
theater of operations. From Lakes to Gulf, from ri\er to 
mountain, from land to sea, and from ocean to ocean llie 
war of the mighty conflict resounded. 

The forces of Bryan raged and flamed far and wide like a 
prairie fire, and nothing seemed able to stay the irresistible 
conflagration ; the forces of H.\NX.\ moved forward like 
tremendous ocean waves, .sweeping all before them and 
beating down all opposition. The advocates of free silver 
came rushing on like the temjie.stuou.s tornado of torrid 
climes, crushing everything in its fury, the defenders of the 
gold standard withstood llie shock as the mountain with- 
stands the tempest. The champions of free trade, like the 
guards of Napoleon at Waterloo, charged ;U the closi- of the 
battle witli an iiillnisiasm and \alor that no Iniman arin\' 
Seemed able to resist; but the jjlialanxes of j)rotection, like 
the invincible tr<K)j)s of Wellington, hehl tlieir ground with 
an endurance and a courage .seldom eijuaietl ami ne\er sur- 
pa.ssed in ixilitical warfare. 



Address ofMr. Gibson^ of Tennessee 205 

THE ANIMOSITY IX THE CAMPAIGN" 

As in ancient warfare the main strnggle was to slav the 
chieftain in command, so in this battle ever\- effort was 
made to destroy this champion of protection and sound 
money. Ten thousand \-enomons slanders were hurled at 
him; cartoons without number were fired at him; the 
heaviest political artiller}-, loaded to the muzzle with the 
most destructive ammunition, poured upon him a ceaseless 
cannonade, and millions of political squibs, torpedoes, 
popgnns, and firecrackers made a deafening uproar when- 
e\'er his name was mentioned or where\-er he appeared on 
the field of action. 

In that tremendous conflict wherever he was there the 
fight was hottest and the thunder of combat the loudest. 
Leonidas at the pass of Thermopylse, fighting almost single 
handed against the countless hosts of Persia, was not more 
fiercely assailed than was Hann.\ in the tremendous battle 
of 1896. 

But amid the sulphurous storms of calumny, the fierce 
lightnings of invecti\-e, and the fearful thunders of denun- 
ciation; amid the incessant and fierv assaults of editors and 
cartoonists; amid the hissing shafts of invecti\'e and the 
ponderous maledictions of mighty orators, hurled amid 
immense crowds with mighty .shouts of approval, and rein- 
forced by the most malignant resolutions, vociferoush' and 
unanimoush- adopted, M.^rk H.\nn.\ .stood — 

Like Teneriffe or Atlas iiiiremovecl — 

and in no degree disconcerted or dismaved, sereneh- issu- 
ing his orders to his lieutenants, or i.ssuing encouraging 



2o6 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

bulletins of the progress of the battle in distant parts of 
the field. 

As some tall cliff tliat lifts its awful form, 
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm. 
Though round its breast the rolling clou<ls are spread. 
Eternal sunshine settles on its head. 

Some one has said that free thonght is connnunly under- 
stood to be the right to freel\- express our contempt for the 
thoughts of others, and Goethe has said that all the Ger- 
mans gained b\- the freedom of their press was the libert\- 
of abusing each other as nuich as they liked. And so in 
our country, those men are loudest mouthed in claiming 
the right of free speech who are foulest mouthed in mis- 
using that right. 

In politics misrepresentation, vilification, abuse, and 
travesty, cartoons, caricatures, and .scurrilit\ are so com- 
mon that many have come to regard them as legitimate, 
and some consider them essential, while not a few look on 
a political campaign without these accessories as dull, flat, 
stale, and unprofitable. 

Ha\ing been given the leadership of his parl\ in two 
great Presidential campaigns. Senator H.\nn.\ made no 
complaint when a.s.saileii by every form of speech, .song, 
picture, and jiriiU that pt>litical ingenuit\- could devise or 
])artis;in prejudice concoct. 

When reviled, he reviled not again. Ik- heeded not the 
a.s.sanUs of his antagonists. He wa^ blind lo the cartt><>n 
and deaf to the defamation, de\oting all liis thoughts and 
all his energies to the education of the i)eo])le in the issues 
<»f the camjiaign, carefully pointing out and mile marking 
the roa<l to prosjK-rity and the pathways of jx-ace and 
pleiitN. 



Address of Mr. Gibson^ of Tcmiessee 207 

hanxa's grand tritmph (_)VER calumny 

But when the battle had been fought and won ; wlien 
people of all parties, on a nearer and fuller view, had better 
opportunities to stud)- and understand this great party- 
leader, this omnipotent campaign manager ; when his pri- 
vate record had been all searched, and found so bright and 
so blameless ; when it was found that the mud of slander 
thrown at him did not stick, that the arrows of malice did 
not woimd, that the charges fired at him had but ended in 
noise, and that, like a might\- warship coining out of the 
stonn and the battle and the breakers unharmed into the 
port of safety, with flags of triumph fly'ing and the bands of 
music playing the tunes of victory and of joy ; when it was 
seen that Hanna, like good gold, was onlv the brighter 
for the rubbing he had received ; when his manifold acts of 
charity and benevolence became better known ; when his 
earnest and persistent efforts to aid the laboring men of the 
nation to secure a larger share in the fruits of their industry 
began to be considered, and when, last of all, his beautiful 
devotion to William McKinle\- won for him a better hear- 
ing and a more considerate iudgment ; then the storms of 
prejudice that had thundered al)out him began to disap- 
pear; then the arrow of malice was put back into its quiver; 
then the missile was dropped by the hand that held it ; then 
the cartoonist threw away his pencil, and the mouth of the 
accuser was closed, and lo ! the world beheld in Marcus 
Alonzo Hanna one of the world's best and greatest men 
and one of nature's noblemen. 

General Grant, dying on Moimt McGregor, no longer the 



2o8 Life and Character o/ Afareiis .1. Ilainia 

target of political opponents, no longer breathing an at- 
mosphere foul with slander, no longer belittled by hired 
cartoonists, no longer exposed to the poison-tipped shafts of 
irony and invective, but dying in perfect peace, in an at- 
mosphere sweet with fragrance of flowers and the breath of 
a holy and universal svm])ath\-, belo\ed by the hundreds of 
thousands who had fought under him, honored and respected 
by the hundreds of thousands who had fought against him, 
reverenced by all men, of all parties, and of all sections — 
Grant, dying on Moinit McGregor, had not more completeh' 
lived down all personal and political hostility than had 
M.VKCis A. Hanna, dying at the Arlington, amid the lam- 
entations of the mighty nation he loved so well and had 
striven so hard to ser\e. 

Senator IIanna was clean in his politics. It is said b\- 
his successor, Senator Dick, that none of the money sjjent 
by him in the great McKinley campaign was used for cor- 
rupli(jn. He kept no slop trough to which the swine of 
I)olitics might resort. His aim was to fill the head of ihe 
voter and not his stomach; to reach the voter's heart through 
his head and nut through his pocket. "Millions for in.stnic- 
lion, but not one cent for corruption," was his motto, and 
the campaign of education he conducted by jkmi, jx'ucil, 
press, picture, and preacher was the most remarkable in 
magnitude and effectiveness this country, or an\ ci>imtr\ , 
has ever known. 

HANNA Till. CIIAMl'IKN oK TIIK PANAMA Kdl Tl 

Ne.xt to his .succe.ss as a captain in great iK)lilical l)atlles. 
Senator Hanna will be Ix-.st remembered for his cham- 
pionsliip of ilu- I'anama Canal, in conse<iuence of the 



Addi'css of Mr. Gibson^ of Tennessee 209 

French ownership of the Panama route and the contracts 
between the French owners and the Republic of Colombia, 
our country seemed shut out from the Panama route, and 
we were consequenth' forced to look up another route for 
our canal. 

Then it was that we turned to the Nicaragua route, and 
we had almost determined to construct our canal on that 
route when Senator Hanna, with surprising resolution and 
powerful argumentation, and almost imaided and alone, 
stood forth as the champion of Panama ; and such was the 
force of his arguments and so convincing the facts he 
arra}-ed in behalf of his contention that he succeeded in 
having Panama brought into consideration ; and he finally 
won a triumphant success in having the Panama route 
selected and acquired. 

Never in our history has one man ever won a more signal 
victory. Solitary and alone he began the battle, and when 
the friends of the Nicaragua route came rushing on with 
triumphant shouts and in irresistible numbers, H.\NX.\, 
undaunted, stood in their way, and by his courage and per- 
sistence, by his logic and zeal, and especialh' by the great 
influence he wielded with the head men of the nation, he 
stayed the almost unanimous sentiment in favor of the 
Nicaragua route and succeeded in having Panama chosen 
in its stead. 

More than three hundred }"ears ago that great na\-igator, 
Sir Walter Raleigh, told Queen Elizabeth that the nation 
owning Panama held '' the keys of the world," and vSeuator 
H.^NN.A., by ha\ing the Panama route .selected, secured for 
our country "the'ke\s of the world." 

S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 14 



2IO Life niirf Character of Marcus A. Haiiua 

And when tlic Panama Canal shall have been completed, 
and the marriage of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans finally 
consummated, after being separated since the foundation of 
the world, when the ships of all nations pass through I hope 
their sailors may behold upon the heights of Culebra, half- 
way between the seas, the statue of Marcis A. IIaxxa, 
rising like a Titan, both arms outstretched, one pointing 
toward the Atlantic and the other toward the Pacific, and 
inscribed on the statue's pedestal in electric letters these 
words : 

Behold the two oceans which thiscanal, like a marriage bond, has united 
and made as one. 

Senator Hanxa was a lover of his country, and gave evi- 
dence of this by joining the Federal Army in the great strug- 
gle for the preservation of the Union, and was one of the 
men assigned to the defense of this city and participated in 
the battle at Fort Stevens in July, 1S64. 

}IANNA A l.UVKK l)K HIS KKLLOW-MAX 

A man who loves his country necessarily loves his coun- 
trymen, and Senator Haxxa gave many e\idences of his 
good will for his fellow-inan and was constantly engaged in 
works of benevolence and deeds of charity. 

While worth millions of money, while a Senator of the 
United States from one of our greatest States, while forcetl 
Vjy his j)osition and axsociations into the constant company 
of the rich, the great, and the famous. Senator Haxxa 
never forgot that there were juior men and poor women and 
poor children in iIk- world, never ceiised to remember tlie 
humble toilers in llie niiiu, the mill, tlie factory, and the 



Addi-css of M?-. Gibson, of Triniessee 2ii 

field, and his great heart and great mind were deeply inter- 
ested in plans to better their condition and make happier 
tlieir lives. And he often said he would rather harmonize 
labor and capital, rather devise a plan whereunder the 
employer and the employee miyht cooperate with mutual 
good will and mutual advantage, than to be President of the 
United States; and the last years of his life were de\'oted 
to the solution of this stupendous problem. 

He was one of the founders and the chairman of the 
National Ci\'ic Federation, a societ\- formed for the purpose 
of reconciling differences between lar^^e corporations and 
their employees, using the Golden Rule as their motto and 
law of action ; and great was the good he had done and was 
doing at his death, through this federation, as well as by 
his individual efforts. Well might he have said with the 
Roman poet — 

Homo sum; huniaiii nihil a me alieiiuin puto — 

" I am a human being, and nothing that concerns a human 
being is a matter of miconcern to me." 

The labor organizations of the United States had learned 
to trust him, the labor leaders were in constant consultation 
with him, and the philanthropists of the world had begun 
to concentrate their attention upon him as the man most 
likely to solve the problem of lalior versus capital to the 
ad\antage and .satisfaction of both. And when Senator 
H.\xxA died there were no more sincere mourners at his 
grave than the laboring men of our coimtrv; and trulv 
might there be inscribed on his tombstone: 

Loved l>y the jxjor aiul lionored by the great. 



212 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ilninia 

The great plans he had formed for the rL-\i\al of the 

American merchant marine, for the reconciliation of labor 

and capital, for the amelioration of the condition of the 

poor, and for the perpetuation of American prosperity he 

did not live to carry out; and when he died all of these 

great questions lost a powerful champion and a zealous and 

effective friend. To all of those interested in the happy 

solution of these problems he was a veritable tower of 

strength, a — ' 

Tower of strength, 
W'hicli stood four-square to all the winds that blew. 

We failed fully to realize how great and good a man 
he wa.s until he died, and then we were appalled by the 
magnitude of the vacancy made by his death. Verily, he 
was a C0I0.SSUS in politics and in statesmanship, and for 
generations his liiij^luy proportions will be the standard 
by w liicli i)()lilical greatness will 1 e measured; and also 
for generations will he be pointed to as an example of 
how a man can be great in politics and in statesmanship 
and great in business enterprises and commercial \entures 
and great as the friend of the poor, tlu- luljK'r of the 
humble, and the benefactor of charity — all at the same 
time. 

Hut the curtain has fallen upon the scenes of his 
activities. The ])all of death hides him from our view. 
He has become a citizen of anotljer world, and all tliat 
is left for us is to remember his s])lendid deeds, to lo\e 
him for his -^oiMlness, to honor liim for his greatness, 
and ttj enndate the magnificent example lie has left us. 
The prosjxrity of our country is his nioiiiiiiKiit and the 
words of a nation's gratitude is liis e]iita]>!i. 



Address of Mr. Morrcll, of PcnnsylvLDiia 213 



Address of Mr. Morrell. of Pennsylvania 

^Ir. Speaker: Inasmuch as the characteristics and trend 
of mind of the late Marcus A. Haxxa were a revelation 
and a subject of wide comment to men of all classes in the 
State which I have the honor in an humble capacitv to 
represent, and having been in touch with both of the inter- 
ests which his thoughts, advice, and actions most vitally 
concerned, I shall venture to say a few words in his memory-. 

Perhaps no other State in the Union is so prone as Penn- 
sylvania to what is called "strikes;" no State in which labor 
organizes and fights through strikes for what it considers 
its rights; no State in which, on the other hand, capital as 
determinedly opposes what it considers unjust demands on 
the part of labor. 

It might, therefore, have been supposed that with these 
problems al\va^•s before them there would have arisen 
among the men of Pemls^■lvania one who would perhaps 
have offered .some practical suggestions toward their solution, 
but it was left to the State of Ohio to produce such a man 
in the late ]\Iarcus A. Haxxa. He more nearly than any 
man up to his time had approached the .solution of this, the 
greatest problem which an industrial nation like the United 
States has to face, and I believe that had he lived he wdidd 
have suggested a method which would have satisfied lioth 
sides. 



214 -^{/'' ^"(^ Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

Therefore, Pennsylvania and Pennsylvanians owe much 
to Mr. Hanna in bring^ing them to realize the possibilities 
of a solution of the greatest problem whicli faces the eco- 
nomic conditions of their State. 

Senator H.\nn.a.\s greatness lay in his simplicity of 
character and the truthfulness of his soul. He treated 
great subjects with the .same directness of thought that 
he did small, and believed that tlie\ were as easy of solu- 
tion as .small ones were the .same principles of honesty 
and conviction applied. 

Senator H.\nn.\'s great purposes and broad policies are 
borne tribute to by the measures he advocated and brought 
to .success; his great qualities of mind b\ the liigh regard 
in which he was held by the great uk-u of the liour; his 
nobleness of heart and affectionate nature b\- the th.ju.sands 
of rich and poor, high and low, who either came to his 
bier to pay \isible tribute or mourned in their hearts at 
home. 

It is the kindly acts which a man jx;rforms to those who 
are struggling on a lower plane which I ihiuk really proves 
true kindness of heart, for it is always comparatively easy 
for a great man to do a favor for another great man. 

In this instance let me relate an anecdote. We all 
realize that the position of a new Congressman is not, a.s 
a rule, one to be envic<l. He comes here to Congress 
having promi.sed greater or le.ss things to his constituents, 
and he find.s — what each one of us found — that he does 
n(jt amount to much, e.xcejjt to make up a (luoruni or to 
swell the vote by answering to roll call. I dt)n't think 
a new Congressman ever forgets those who were kind to 



Address oj Mi . Moiiu-ll^ o/ Pcinisv/raiiiii 215 

him, or ^y;ave liiiu a licliniii; hand ihiriuL; his days of 
initiation. 

Now, there was a certain new Congressman, not from 
Ohio, whci had to go over to the Senate on a certain occa- 
sion to tr\' to iiyluce liis vSenator to gi\'e liis sup])orl to a 
measnre in wliicli some of his constituents were interested. 
He was not at all snre as to whether or not the Senator 
wonld give the support he desired, and his anxiet\' was 
increased 1>\ his unsnccessfnl effort to find the .Senator. As 
he was hnrrying through the Marble Room, looking on this 
side and on that, he snddenK- heard a genial \'oice call ont, 
"Won't I do as well as the fellow you are looking for?" 
and turning around hi- saw Senator Hann.\ .seated on a .sofa 
beside a friend, but with a hand held out to him. His fears 
\anisl:ed and his confidence in his purpo.se returned. 

No better example could be found of .Senator H.\NN.\',S 
character — always ready and e\'en looking for op])orlunilies 
to do a kind act. 

Of course, Mr. Speaker, men may come and men niav go, 
and yet this l)usy world of otirs still goes on ; but we can, 
one and all, concerning Marci'S A. H.\.nx.\, join in ex- 
claiming : ( )h, for the touch of the \auished hand (of friend- 
ship), and the sound of the voice (of encouragement) that is 
.still ! " 

There is a set phrase to the effect that " some achieve 
greatness, others luu'e greatness thrust u])on them ;" but, 
after all, the only greatness, to ni\- mind, worth luuing is 
that greatness which comes as a tribute to love and s\inpa- 
thv shown by a man to his fellow-men. 

We are told that "as we brought nothing into this world, 



2i6 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 

so we can take nothing out." That may be true as far as 
material things are concerned, but can we really say that 
Senator Haxxa took nothing with him, when the word of 
his death took joy from the hearts of thousands and left a 
nation in mourning? , 

And if it be so that "as ye have lived so shall ye be 
judged," how great are the rewards we nia\- confidently 
believe were awaiting him in the land bcvond the skies. 



Address of Mr. Caldcrhcad^ of Kansas 217 



Address of Mr. Calderhead, of Kansas 

]Mr. Speaker: I count it a privilege to say a word in 
menior)- of my friend Senator Haxna. Living in the 
same faith and hope, witli the same purposes in life, and 
the same segard for the great citizenship in which we live, 
and the same belief in the Divine purposes of this great 
nation, I bring my tribute to his life and services. 

His character was not made in a day. One of his ances- 
tral race .said, "There's nianv a hard stroke goes to the 
making of a man." If I could tell my boys the story of 
his life, it would be the story of an American bo^■ who 
went barefoot to an American district school, and then to 
the academy, and then to work, and then to business. 
And he played the same games and recited the same 
lessons, and learned labor and toil in the same wa^• that 
American bovs who become men ha\e plaved and learned. 

Trained in the stern old faith that God is the eternal 
God to whom we nuist answer for dut\" performed or dutv 
neglected, he fought over and over again the battles of the 
soul that ever}- true man must fight and must finally win. 
Truth and honor and fidelit\- became the constant attitude 
of his mind and soul by the con.stant exercise of the.se 
great things. No man who had not acquired strength 
and endurance of sotil by these battles with himself coidd 
have stood the conflict of life that came to him in the 



2i8 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hauna 

years of his public career as he stood them and won the 
victory he won. 

But' his great victory o\er adxerse public opinion was not 
his g-reatest \ictor\-. His later years were so associated 
with his friend President McKinle\- that the men can 
hardly be separated in our minds. When we think of one 
we habitually think of the other. Roth of them lived and 
labored to carry forward the divine purpose of humanity. 
Both came from the common American homes, from the 
common American schools, from the common American 
business life. Both had the siune .standards of home life 
and duty, and the .same standards of public life and dul\ . 

McKinley was a widow's son, a .schoolboy, a .student, a 
citizen volunteer .soldier, a lawyer, a member of Conjjress, 
a jrovernor of his State, and then President of a trreat nation 
of free people. When he died and was carried to his gfrave 
the whole busy world stopped its busy work while his liody 
was lowered to its jjfrave. "The Czar in his palace, the 
Kaiser in Berlin, Kinjj Edward in Denmark, the Duke of 
York in Montreal, all members of the jjovernments in their 
offices, the workingmen in their factories, the people in the 
streets, trains and cars on their tracks, steamships at .sea 
and boats o\\ llie risers, all jjublic biiikliu'js, .stores, and 
places of anuisement, the entire machiner\ of mankind, 
came to a .stop and stotnl still in silence while he w;ls laid 
to rest." He had conquered the world by his character. 

When .Senator H.\NN.\ lay dyin<j, at every place in the 
world nun ini|iiired from hour to hour, and the hearts of 
mankind bowed wIrii the linal uiess;i).;e came. ills binly 
was carried into the Cajiilol of the nation and into tlie 



Address of Mr. Caldcrhcad, of Katisas 219 

Chamber of the greatest legislati\-e ljod\- in civilization. 
The Senators and Representatives of our National Congress 
stood aronnd his bier. The Supreme Court of the United 
States, the greatest court in the world, came and stood un- 
covered beside him. The President and his Cabinet and 
the commanders of our Arm)- and Xav^• stood beside him. 
The diplomatic corps, representing fifty-three nations of the 
earth, stood beside him. The eloquent Edward Everett 
Hale said the words of farewell and consolation and hope, 
and laid his cliaracter, like a benediction, upon us. 

Both these burials were the testimony of mankind to the 
character of the men whom Liberty's nation has given to 
the world. Christian mothers trained them both. How 
gentle their lives are making us. What kindly, earnest, 
strong standards of life they have given us, and how imper- 
ceptibly and unconsciously we are following their .stand- 
ards. The glories of our victories in the late war with 
Spain are almost forgotten in our memories of these men. 
The influence of their lives spreads over us all and inspires 
us with the faith that "love, honor, courage, fidelitv, and 
a noble self-sacrifice are better than life." This is their 
victory o\-er us. They have won our hearts, and their 
memories live to instruct our boys. And bevond the veil, 
they are with the Redeemer, in whose faith they lived, and 
labored, and loved. " It is God's wav; His will be done." 



2 20 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 



Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvanu 

Mr. Speaker : I have never been thoroughly in harmony 
with the custom of holding memorial service.s on deceased 
Members, for I think the be.st record a man can have is that 
of what he has accomplished during his service in Congress. 
While, however, the custom of paying tributes still con- 
tinues, there are times when friendship and admiration 
for a friend compel one to say a few simple words to the 
memory of the departed. 

Others who have had the great privilege of knowing tlie 
late Senator H.\nn.\ longer than myself have fully testified 
to the great ability, honesty, and kindness that jiervaded 
all his business relations during his long and successful 
career. He was one of the few of those citizens \\lii> 
having amassed a competence, instead of continuing to 
roll up riches, recognized the fact that every citizen owes 
an obligation to our Republic in return for the great 
pri\ileges its citizenship has conferred upon him. 

Indeed, sir, in my jvidgment one of the few dangers that 
may threaten our form of government in the future lies in 
the fact that so many of our citizens become so engro.sse<l 
in their personal affairs that they utterly neglect the obli- 
gation that the right of suffrage has im])o.si-d upon them. 
Hut Senator Hann.\ was not of that cla.s.s. ( )ur coimtry 
would be under everlasting obligations to Senator Hanna 
if for nothing else than for his great work in bringing aliout 



Address of Mr. Adams, of Pennsylvania 221 

the nomination and election of William McKinle\-. Snreh- 
that is enough of fame to make a man live fore^•er in the 
history of his country, but IMarcus A. Hanna felt that he 
owed something to tlie Republic and that his dut\- was not 
completed with that work. At much personal loss and 
inconvenience he consented to come to Washington to rep- 
resent the people of the great State of Ohio in the National 
Senate. I doubt, sir, if any man of whom our histories 
speak in the short space of seven }-ears ever acquired such 
great influence in the legislative bod>- in which he had 
entered or b>- his work there gained such abiding faith 
among all classes of society as did Senator Hanna. He 
eiUered upon his political career somewhat hampered b>- 
the undeserved prejudice growing from ill-founded innuendo 
that his political methods were founded on a pecuniary 
basis, and that he would be unduly favorable to trusts and 
other large business corijorations. 

In the struggle between capital and labor Senator Hanna 
took an active but impartial part. His unanimous selection 
to be the head of the National Civic Federation, desio-ned 
to promote better relations and peace between capital and 
labor, showed the estimation in which he was held by both 
parties to this organization. Indeed, it is known that he 
was so wrapped up in the development of this idea that 
he said he would rather resign from the Senate than to 
give up his interest in that work. 

In the Senate of the United States his influence daily 
widened. Of whatever subject he advocated he first 
mastered the facts and details and then presented them 
without any effort at oratorical effect, but in a plain 



222 Life and Character of Marcus A. Haiina 

business-like statement, marshaling his facts and thrusting 
home his argument in a most powerful and convincing 
manner. Probably no greater change of sentiment in Con- 
gress or in the minds of the people was ever wrought by a 
single speech tlian tliat following the remarks of Senator 
Haxna on the question of the selection of the route for 
the isthmian canal. The idea seemed to be accepted as an 
axiom that the Xicaraguan route was the .American route, 
and that the French selection of Panama had been a 
mistake and a fallacy. But in spite of these existing preju- 
dices Senator Manna convinced the Senate of the I'nited 
States that they were not founded on facts and secured the 
selection of the Panama route. Nor was his influence 
limited to that ])ranch of Congress of which he was a 
member, for, in spite of the fact that llie House of Repre- 
sentatives by an almost unanimous vote had decided in 
favor of the Xicaraguan route, it promptly reversed its 
judgment and joined with the .Senate in indorsing his 
views. 

But, Mr. Speaker, Senator H.\nna's fame will rest more 
largely upon his intimate friendshij) with and as the recog- 
nized coimselor of William McKinle\ during the trying 
times and most serious events of his great .\dministration. 
The names of the.se two great and good nun will bt- indeli- 
bly linked in the writings of our country's liistory. They 
were of tlie same time, of the same mind. Their disjwsi- 
tions were similar in man)- resix-ct.s — calm in judgment, slow 
of movement, l)Ut resolute to the last when decisions had 
once been taken. I can ucit closi-, sir, witlioul paying my 
])er.sonal tribute to llie kindly nature and warm heart of tlu- 



Address of Air. Adams, of Pennsylvania 223 

late Senator Hanna. His consideration for men younger 
than hiinself was most pronounced, and his heart and his 
head were always ready to aid when appealed to for advice 
or sympathy. His was a nature so genial and kind that his 
memory will ever live in the hearts of his friends, and his 
fame will ever last in the records of the nation. 



224 Lifa 'i*'ff Character of Marcus A. Hauna 



Address of Mr. Lacey. of Iowa. 

Mr. Speaker: We comineniorale to-day the public life 
and .sen'ices of Marcus A. H.\xx.\, whose great and use- 
ful career has so .suddenly terminated. 

His political life was expcsed to the fiercest attacks, ])ut 
he outlived calumny, and died loved and honored even by 
those who fought him the hardest. 

The world has always loved the man who does things. 
He ranks far above the man who only says things. 

In 1896 Mark Hanxa was the best hated man in 
America. 

Libel and the deadly caricature had been plied against 
him with persistence and telling effect, and he was thor- 
oughly and effectually misunderstood, even in his own 
party, save by those who knew him per.sonalh . 

It was well .said of Sir Joshua Reynolds by Xorthcote 
that the great painter would as lief have committed a for- 
gery as to draw a caricature. 

When finally Mr. II.vxxa took the stunij) in person and 
demonstrated that he could talk as well as act, the people 
looked into his clear, honest eyes, listened to his strong, 
vigorous, and .sound logic, and the frozen cru.st of hate 
melted, and he was at once valued at his true wortli; llie 
mvth dis;ip]H.'ared and lliv man look its ])lace. I remem- 
ber in 181/) when I was siH.*aking to an audience of work- 
ingmen tlK\ h<M)ted at the name of Hanna. 



Address of Mr. Lacey, of loiva 225 

Four years later tlie same men welcomed all allusion to 
his name with thunders of applause. He had become 
recognized as the friend as well as the employer of labor. 

His life, public and private, has been so well described 
by his friends in both the Senate and the House that I 
content myself with this brief but loving tribute to his 
memory. 

He was my friend. To lo\-e and hate the same tilings 
constitute the strongest bond of human friendship. 

In the maturity of his powers, when his ability and char- 
acter had become so recognized that his usefulness was most 
helpful to the cause and country that he loved, he fell. 

We mourn him and commend him to that Beino- — 

Who ill the dark and silent grave, 
When we liave wandered all our ways, 
Shuts up the story of our days. 

S. Doc. 321, 5S-2 15 



226 Life and Character of Marcus A. Ha una 



Address of Mr. Grosvenor, of Ohio 

Mk. Si'EAKHK: In the \cry few inoments I shall occupy 
I shall not attempt to discuss the j(Teat characteristics of 
Senator Hanxa. I will only refer very briefly to some of 
the salient points of his career and contribute to the record 
more elaborate sujjgestions in the same direction. 

I did not know Senator H.\nn.\ well until he became 
connected witli the activities of ( )hio politics. He had 
been a member of our State executive committee, or an 
advisorv member, for a considerable number of years before 
the public outside of the State came to know him. I in- 
dorse all that has been said in regard to the unselfish char- 
acter of Senator H.\nn.\. He ne\er entered politics for 
anv .selfish purpose. Hl- never remained in jxjlitics for a 
like consideration, and he never sought i>ersonal preferment 
until the time came when that alone could become a vindi- 
cation due to his own party and the dearest friend that he 
had within the lines of that party. He believed thoroughly 
in the ])rinciples of tlie party to whicli lie belonged. Xo 
man e\er nmre faithfully stood by the tenets of his jxirty, 
and no man ever was clearer of an\ purjKKse of halting or 
compromising or apologizing for an\ thing that lie beliexed 
to be a true doctrine of political rights. 

Senator Hanna was a reader and .student of jKilitics. 1 K 
diti not, as many have supixxsetl, gras]) every idea without 
studious consideration and careful weighing of arguments 



Address of Mr. (rrosvciior, of Ohio 227 

pro and con. He was a student of theories illustrated b}- 
practical facts. To the theories of the writer and the speaker 
he applied practical evers-da\- common sen.se, of which he 
was a storehouse. It was these qualities that made him so 
powerfid as a business man. Theories were to him onlv 
suggestions; practical facts were to him the demonstration 
of the falsity or the truth of theories. 

Senator Hann.'^ was a warm supporter of John Sherman 
for President of the United States ; and, though I have not 
seen it ad\-erted to since his death, it was a fact within m\- 
own obser\-ation and the knowledge of man^• others who 
are here, that he opposed the attitude of Air. McKinlc}- in 
one of tho.se grand State campaigns, and having cast in his 
lot with Sherman, notwithstanding all his affection for 
McKiiiley, he did all in his power to prevent the breaking 
up and disintegration of the Ohio delegation, even though 
McKinley, acting under the instruction of his friends at 
home, cast his \ote in the convention for James G. Blaine. 

Senator Hann.a. about that time or .shortly aftersvards 
became warmh- attached to McKinle)- ; and that attach- 
ment grew to be one of the most beautiful exhibitions of 
love between two men that I have e\-er witnes.sed. He 
believed in AIcKinle)-. He had seen the rise and progress 
and growth and development of that splendid character. 
He had lived in the immediate .section of the State where 
McKinley resided and had known him as a young law- 
yer. I remember an anecdote that he told me in the pres- 
ence of one who knew the facts, how McKin]e\- came down 
to .some of his coal mines, where .some riotous coal miners 
had been prosecuted for riots, and McKinle\- defended the 



228 Life and Cliaracter of Marcus A. Haiiiia 

miners and assailed the inana}j;enitiit cf the mines. Sena- 
tor Hanna said that was the first time that he ever felt the 
full appreciation of the possibilities of McKinlev. 

From time to time, as the campaigri of 1896 develojxfd, 
it was currently reported that Hanna would be benefited 
in some way by the election of McKinley. I want to con- 
tribute this much to the history of those times, with which 
I was thoronji^hly familiar: I personally know, and there 
are others who know the same thing and from the same 
source of knowledge, that immediateh- following the elec- 
tion of 1896 President McKinley tendered to Mr. Hanna 
formally a position in his Cabinet: and 1 n.-member di.-^- 
tinctly the answer that Hanna made, although I did not 
see the letters that passed between them. 

He said that it would appear to the people of the coinitrv 
that he had been selfish and .self-seeking in liic matter of 
his strong support for McKinlev, and he preferred the 
character and reputation of a disinterested friend of Mr. 
McKinley's to any office that McKinley could give him: 
and it was not until McKinlev- had tendered, in writing, 
the place of Secretary- of State to Mr. Shennan and it had 
been accepted by him that Hanna yielded to the .sugges- 
tion that he .should be a candidate for the I'nited Slates 
Senatorship, and then lie did so at the urgent jiersonal 
request of McKinley, who .s;iid that if he could not have 
him in the Cabinet he desired that he .should be a memlKT 
of the Senate. Thus it was that it came to our knowledge 
that he was nt)l a .self-seeking politician, but was a disinter- 
ested friend, first <if McKinley and next (if ihr success of 
the gTeat party to which he iK-loiiged. 



Adiirt'ss of Mr. Grosz'('iia)% of O/iio 229 

It was a chapter in ( )hio politics that I do not intend to 
enter upon, to which reference has been made by some of 
the gentlemen who ha\-e preceded me. I do not want to 
recall, except for the sake of the justice of histor\-, the 
events of the year when Haxxa havino; been tendered and 
havino^ accepted the position of Senator, liavinu- been nomi- 
nated b\- the overwhelming vote of the State con\-ention, 
was almost defeated for election. I refer to it now to .say 
that, uotwitlLstanding all the bitter denunciation of Hanna 
and his friends incidental to that great contest and that 
chapter in ( )hio politics that brings the blu.sh of shame to 
every man who was connected with the treacher\- of that 
hour and day, after all the calcium light of the.se months 
and years has been turned upon him, there was no stain of 
corruption or dishonor placed upon the skirts of Haxna. 

I know it has been said that office was conferred for 
favors among the members of the State legislature. That 
is true; that is a part of our politics; that is incident to the 
politics of our countr\-. And there was no man who more 
firmly believed and more religiously practiced the tenet of 
remembering his friends and standing by them than did 
Hanna. And a man who does not do that is not fit to be 
in politics. The man who will falter when his friend's 
hour of trouble comes ought to ha\-e no friends when his 
trial is on. That is the religion of American politics, and 
he who does not obe\' it is not fit to be a member of the 
great body to which an American citizen belongs. 

I ne\-er heard Senator Hanxa complain of a man who 
tried to betray him in that contest; and \o\\ ha\-e heard 
how he stood up and pronounced an almost tearful eulogy 



230 Life and Character of Marcus A. Flauiia 

over the man who of all other men owed him allegfiance 
and betrayed his duty. 

When Hanna had served in the Senate and sought the 
approbation of his fellow-citizens in Ohio by reelection, 
then he became an earnest seeker for the office, not because 
he desired that office for selfish jnirposes, but because he 
was determined that his friends should not suffer by reason 
of his ha\ing been a candidate. 

I do not care to refer, in the brief moment that I am to 
use, to that which has so often been referred to by other.s — 
the abuse and traducing of Hanna in the newspapers and 
throughout the country. It is a \tix\ curious stud\- ; there 
is uo other picture like it in the history of mankind, except 
our account, our knowledge, our belief in the character of 
Him who spoke of himself as being "despised and rejected 
uf men," and who has since become the great and adorable 
central figure of Chri.stianity. 

Hut, without an\' ])urpose of comparison, when, in all 
the hi.story of mankind, was it that a man so thoroughly 
hated, thoroughh despised, thoroughlv condemned by 99 
per cent of all the people of the I'nited States — not all of 
them hating, but every one of them suspiciou.s — died in a 
\ery few short years at his post of duty covered with honor 
and acquit of di.shonorable characteristics liy an equal per 
cent of all mankind? I low he did it I do uoi know. 

That vSenalor H.vnna felt keeuK llu abuse of himself 
we all know who knew him. That he suffered intensely 
nobody who knew him can doubt. A Senator has .s;iid 
since the death of Senator H.vnna that on one occasion 
Han.na exhibited to liim one of those infamous cartoons, 



Address of Mr. Grosz'oior, of Ohio 231 

born of the malice of a corrupt man, and shed tears over it. 
And there are a number of us who can state how repeatedly 
he said : " If I believed there was any possible justice, any 
possible reason, for all this, I would not shrink from bear- 
ing it ; the grief that comes to me," said he, " is not on m\- 
own account, but because of the regret and sorrow that is 
felt by my friends." 

It will not do at the end of a career like that to say that 
"no honest man need be afraid of .slander." One honest 
man has lived it down ; many have, but here is a conspicu- 
ous example of one who li\-ed down the basest organization 
of slander ever hurled at a man in American politics and 
emerged from it with honor and credit. 

But that does not answer the just criticism of mankind. 
Here was a man of distinguished life, pure in his .social, 
political, and busine.ss relations, sound as a dollar upon every 
question of manhood ; and yet for the purpose of destroy- 
ing ]\IcKinley, whom the>- knew slander could not affect, 
because he was too well known, a vicious conspiracy of 
crime and slander and libel and detraction was organized 
and hurled at IMarcus A. H.\nn.\. If they could de.stroy 
Haxxa, the most important spoke in the wheel would be 
broken ; and utterh- regardless of every principle of human- 
ity, every stiggestion of decency, every inspiration of honor 
and integrity, they drove straight at the mark of ruining 
:\lARCUS A. Haxna. They did not cease with 1896. They 
proceeded to permeate the whole country, and little children 
looked with horror upon the libelous publications that were 
made. Such a crime as that can not be atoned for bv a 
cowardly retraction when the victim is dead. But it is .said 



232 Life and Character of Marcus A. Hanna 

he lived it down ; he became great ; he became honored ; 
therefore there has been no harm done. Here is one victim 
who lived it down ; here is one victim who. after years of 
faithful strugofle, got the better of his libelers. 

How manv have fallen under the .stroke of slander! 
How many ha\e been driven away from the effort to live 
down libels and slanders ! That is the place to look ; not 
at that one man who has outli\ed and grown abo\e the 
shaft of envy and ill will and crime. The question is, 
how many have failed to do it? How man\- hearts have 
been wronged, how many tears have been shed, how main 
honest men ha\e suffered, how many wi\es have shed 
tears, how many children have fled in mortification from 
their fellows? That is the way to estimate the work of 
the libeler — the criminal libeler — the man who .stalks in 
the communil)- with the poison thai lie e.xudes and tar- 
ni.shes the very name of Christian civilization. To what 
extent has his work been done? Never, until the gjeat 
God above issues the decree that shall tix his punishment, 
will the e.xact value of his career be known. 

Mr. Speaker, I can not pursue the subject further. I 
loved M.\RCis A. H.\nna. I never knew a man whom I 
admired more greatly than I did him. 1 never knew a 
man who rose so rapidly. And \et there were rea.sons for 
it and characteristics that make it not strange that he rose. 
Hut it is a wonderful history that in .six years' time a man 
can come from ob.scnrit\, so far as j)ublic office is con- 
cerned, and enter the Senate of the United States and 
make the profouiul impression u]>on that great Inxly and 
ujion the ctnintry that he did. 



Address of Mr. Grosvcnor^ of Oliio 233 

I have no time for detail, but we all remember \\o\\ 
enthusiastically we, here in this House, by an overwhelm- 
ino; majority, followinsr the lead of one of our greatest 
men, the Chairman of the Committee on Interstate and 
Foreign Commerce [Air. Hepburn] , who so enthusiastic- 
all)' championed the Nicaragua Canal, we all remember 
with what enthusiasm we sent the bill to the Senate, and 
how we understood that when it reached there four-fifths 
of the Senate wotild be on our side, and \et how a single 
Senator, by the force of his training and his education, his 
character, his power of research, seized upon his knowledge 
of the situation and ultimateh- revolutionized the whole 
action of the Senate and received the cordial approbation 
of the House; and now, to-dav, as we stand here eulogizing 
his memory, the news is just flashed into print on this side 
of the ocean that the great achievement has been wrouorht 
out and that the title, indefeasible and I'.nassailed, in the 
Panama Canal has become ours. 

Senator Hann.4 was most happy in his home life, and it 
was here at his home and at his beautiful residence on the 
lake .shore near Cleveland that the true qualities of genuine 
humanity and chi\-alrous gentlemanly attributes shone out 
so brightly. His wife was a lady of most excellent fitness 
to be the companion and friend of Haxxa. Strong in 
mental qualities, able, and attractive in all the graces of 
the female character, she stood by him through his life 
with the de\otion of a true wife; made his home at his 
hearthstone the citadel of love and rest; shared in his tri- 
umphs; contributed to all that made him great, and wept 
over him with the just consciousness that in no respect 



234 ^-'/'^ f""^ CJiaractcr of Marcus A. Hainia 

had she fallen short of her jjreat duty as a chaniiing and 
faithful wife. 

Shortly after the Death of Senator Hanna I received a 
ver}- beautiful little eulojfy in verse of the Senator, which I 
take great pleasure in appending- to my address: 

MARCrS A. HANNA. 

(.\nd King David said unto his household. Know yc not that there is a Prince and a 
Great Man fallen this day in Israel. II i^ani.. 3d chap.. ^Sth verse.) 

I. 

Afjain, a Prince lias fallen in the light — 

The val'rous Champion of tin- truth ami right; 

Detemiine<l, honest, level -hcadeil. just — 

Who broke no promise, nor betrayed a trusti 

His genial face with courtly kindness beamed — 

By friends beloved, by all mankind esteemed; 

He led his cohorts at the people's call — 

Himself the Noblest Roman of them alll 

He gained the iterance of their reverend cheers — 

And won his battles with anointe<i spearsi 

The ])eople mourn him! Wonls are hard to find 

To aptly voice the anguish of their mind; 

From the mute mourners halting phrases come — 

Grief is never deeper than when 'tis dumb! 

II. 

No name of mortal is secure in stone — 

But in some worthy deed, and that alone; 

Hewn on the Parthenon, it will fade and waste — 

Carved on the Tyramiils, it will be effaced! 

The ]K)nip and pageant, and the jiillared pile — 

The sculptured arch, the bronze, not long beguile! 

.\nd now, while wailing church bells Siidly cliitne — 

Upon his brow I place this wreath of rhyme. 

So that in other years it may apjHfnr 

How true he was, how gracious, how sincere! 

How wept, how honored by the friends he love<l — 

Ennobleil of himself — by all approvctl. 

Peace to his manly soul and sweetest rest — 

With that Clad Throng Whom l,i>ve of l'ro<i has Hlest! 

D.wiD Jamks Evans. 



.^(idrrss of Mr. Grosvcnor, of Ohio 235 

]\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have leave to print in the Record eulogies in commemo- 
ration of Mr. Haxna, and that the resolution in his case 
lie on the table until the conclusion of the other eulogies 
which are to be pronounced. 

The Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Goebel). The gentle- 
man from Ohio [^Ir. Grosvenor] asks unanimous consent 
that general leave to print eulogies upon the late Senator 
Hann.\ be granted. The Chair hears no objection, and 
leave is granted. 

The Spe.\ker pro tempore. Now, in pursuance of the 
resolutions already adopted, and as a further mark of 
respect to the deceased Senator and Representatives, the 
House stands ' adjourned until to-morrow, at 1 2 o'clock 
noon. 

Accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 26 minutes p. m.), the 
House adjourned. 

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